o

See also: Appendix:Variations of "o" and O
Letter o.svg
o U+006F, o
LATIN SMALL LETTER O
← n
[U+006E] 		Basic Latin p →
[U+0070]
ｏ U+FF4F, ｏ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER O
← ｎ
[U+FF4E] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｐ →
[U+FF50]

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/
  • IPA
    		(file)

Symbol

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

o

  1. (IPA) close-mid back rounded vowel

Gallery

  • Letter styles

  • Capital and lowercase versions of O, in normal and italic type

  • Uppercase and lowercase O in Fraktur

See also

Other representations of O:

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /əʊ/
  • Audio (RP)
    		(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /oʊ/
  • Audio (GA)
    		(file)
  • Homophones: oh, owe
  • Rhymes: -əʊ

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O, plural os or o's)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
See also

Number

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The ordinal number fifteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o (plural oes)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.
  2. A zero (used in reading out numbers).
    It is currently two-o-five in the afternoon (2:05 PM).
    The first permanent English settlement in America was in Jamestown in sixteen-o-seven (1607).
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Translations

See o/translations § Noun.

See also

Etymology 2

Particle

o

  1. (nonstandard) alternative form of O (vocative particle)
    • 2007 (1640), The Bay Psalm Book, Cosimo Classics, p.37, 41 & 46:
      I lift my soule to thee o Lord
      mee, o Iehovah, heare
      In thee, o Lord, I put my trust
Translations

Interjection

o

  1. Alternative form of oh

Noun

o

  1. (IRC) Operator
  2. Object, see SVO

Adjective

o

  1. Over

Etymology 3

See o'.

Preposition

o

  2. Alternative form of of

Further reading

Albanian

Etymology

Realted to -o.

Pronunciation

Particle

o

  1. Oh!
    vocative particle placed in front (or attached at the end) of personal names or nouns; used when addressing someone to reinforce the call. Attached to indefinite forms:
    • o + Qup → O Qup! (Oh Coby!)
    • (indefinite form) Qup (“Coby”) + -o → Qup-o! (Oh Coby!)
    O malet e Shqipërisë!
    Oh mountains of Albania
    O Zot!
    Oh Lord!

Further reading

  • [1] Albanian particle o (engl. "oh") • "Fjalor Shqip" ('Albanian Dictionary')

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin illum, accusative form of ille (“that”).

Article

o m (definite singular)

  1. the
    O río Ebro ― The Ebro River

Usage notes

  • Becomes l' before many words beginning with a vowel.
  • The form lo, either pronounced as lo or ro, can be found after words ending with an -o.
  • Eastern dialects use the form el.

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic о
Roman o
Perso-Arabic او‎

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

o lower case (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also

Etymology 2

From Old Anatolian Turkish اول‎ (ol), Proto-Turkic *ol.

Pronoun

o (definite accusative onu, plural onlar)

  1. he, she, it
Declension
Declension of Azerbaijani personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
nominative mən sən o biz siz onlar
accusative məni səni onu bizi sizi onları
dative mənə sənə ona bizə sizə onlara
locative məndə səndə onda bizdə sizdə onlarda
ablative məndən səndən ondan bizdən sizdən onlardan
genitive mənim sənin onun bizim sizin onların
Derived terms

Basque

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

Noun

o (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

See also

Borôro

Pronunciation

Noun

o

  1. tooth

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

o f (plural os)

  1. The Latin letter O (lowercase o).

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Derived terms

Corsican

Etymology

From Latin aut. Cognates include Italian o and Spanish o.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

References

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ol. Compare Turkish o and Azerbaijani o.

Pronoun

o

  1. (personal pronoun) he, she, it
    Synonym: anav (Northern dialect)
  2. (demonstrative pronoun)that

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/
  • Audio
    		(file)

Preposition

o

  1. (+ locative) about
  2. (+ accusative) for

Further reading

  • o in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • o in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Particle

o

  1. (solemn or humorous) Vocative particle.
    • 1867, Sigurd MÜLLER, Digte, page 132
      O, du dødsens Sol / O, forbandede Sol, / Som har seet, hvad jeg saae!
      O sun of death / O accursed sun / Who has seen what I saw!
    • (Can we date this quote?), Henrik Pontoppidan, Det forjættede land: Med forord af Kristian Bang Foss, Gyldendal A/S (→ISBN)
      ... løftede i ekstase blikket mod stjernehimlen og bad: „O, min Fader i det høje, ... du ... du alene forstøder mig ikke!
      ... ecstatically lifted his gaze towards the starry sky and prayed: "O my Father in the high, ... you ... you alone will not repudiate me!
    • 1926, Tilskueren
      Min Elskede, o min Elskede. Sabine. Men Du maa bort.
      My beloved, o my beloved. Sabine. But you must leave.
    • 1854, Henrik Wergelands Samlede Skrifter, page 341
      Giulio: […] O forhadte Venedig, aldrig meer jeg dig vil se!
      Giulio: […] O loathsome Venice, I never want see you again!

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -oː
  • IPA(key): /oː/
  • Audio
    		(file)

Interjection

o

  1. oh

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet.

See also

  • Previous letter: n
  • Next letter: p

Esperanto

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/
  • Hyphenation: o
  • Audio:
    		(file)

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

Noun

o (accusative singular o-on, plural o-oj, accusative plural o-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

See also

Estonian

Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called oo and written in the Latin script.

See also

Extremaduran

Etymology

From Latin aut. Cognates include Spanish o and Italian o.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese o, from Latin illo (“he”).

Article

o m (plural os, feminine a, feminine plural as)

  1. masculine singular definite article (the)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      O términu de Valverdi, mais grandi, limita con Portugal, precisamenti con dois distintius Departamentos, que eran Beira Alta con capital en Guarda, a Beira Baixa con capital en Castelo Branco.
      The Valverde locality, the biggest, borders Portugal, more precisely with two distinct departments, which were Beira Alta with Guarda as its capital, and Beira Baixa with Castelo Branco as its capital.

Etymology 2

From Old Portuguese ou, from Latin aut (“or”).

Conjunction

o

  1. or
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme 6:
      Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.
      There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.

Faroese

Pronunciation

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • Audio
    		(file)

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called oo and written in the Latin script.

See also

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/
  • Audio
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -o

Noun

o m (plural os)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

Symbol

o

  1. (computing) octet (B (byte))

Derived terms

Fula

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
See also

Etymology 2

Suffix

o (plural ɓe)

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) having to do with people, and for loan words
Usage notes

Pronoun

o

  1. he, she (third person singular subject pronoun; short form)
Usage notes
  • Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
  • This is used in all conjugations except for affirmative non-accomplished (where the long form is used).
Alternative forms
Related terms
  • omo (second person singular subject pronoun; long form)
  • himo (second person singular subject pronoun; long form; variant in Pular)
  • kanko (emphatic form)
Derived terms
  • makko (possessive pronoun)

Article

o

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    Debbo o ― the woman
Usage notes

Determiner

o

  1. used in indicating someone
    O debbo ― this/that woman
Usage notes

Galician

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o̝/, [ʊ]
  • Audio
    		(file)

Etymology 1

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese o, from Latin illum, from ille.

Alternative forms

Article

o m sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes
  • The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con o (“with the”) contracts to co, and en o (“in the”) contracts to no.
  • The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, contracts with preceding words which ends in [s] or [r] into the second form of the article lo (la, los, las); this feature, frequent in spoken Galician, is not always marked in the written language. When done, a hyphen is used to separate both words:
Debes comer o caldo ~ Debes come-lo caldo ― You should eat the soup
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronoun

o

  1. accusative of el
Usage notes

The Galician pronouns, being atones, are usually appended to the verb; though sandhi, o could acquire the form -no (for example, when appended to a verb form ended in a falling diphthong or in a nasal consonant, the nasal in -no having an antihiatic epenthetic origin) or -lo (when appended to a verb form ended in a -s or -r, the l having its origin in the assimilation of the -s or -r with the l present in the pronoun before the 12th century).

German

Pronunciation

  • Audio
    		(file)

Interjection

o

  1. O
    • 1843, Gallus Schwab, Gebetbuch für katholische Christen, Bamberg, p.45:
      Sei gegrüßet, o Du mein Jesu! Mit tieftster Demuth bete ich Dich an und verehre Dich!

Gothic

Romanization

ō

  1. Romanization of 𐍉

Guaraní

Etymology

Clipping of óga.

Noun

o

  1. house

Hawaiian

Conjunction

o

  1. or, lest

Preposition

o

  1. of, belonging to

Usage notes

  • Used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars), while a is used for acquired possessions.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative o o-k
accusative o-t o-kat
dative o-nak o-knak
instrumental o-val o-kkal
causal-final o-ért o-kért
translative o-vá o-kká
terminative o-ig o-kig
essive-formal o-ként o-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive o-ban o-kban
superessive o-n o-kon
adessive o-nál o-knál
illative o-ba o-kba
sublative o-ra o-kra
allative o-hoz o-khoz
elative o-ból o-kból
delative o-ról o-król
ablative o-tól o-któl
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		o-é o-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		o-éi o-kéi
Possessive forms of o
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. o-m o-im
2nd person sing. o-d o-id
3rd person sing. o-ja o-i
1st person plural o-nk o-ink
2nd person plural o-tok o-itok
3rd person plural o-juk o-ik

See also

Ido

Pronunciation

  • (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA(key): /o/

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Conjunction

o

  1. Apocopic form of od

Related terms

  • e (“and”)
  • a (“to”)

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin ō (the name of the letter O).

Pronunciation

Noun

o f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

See also

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.[1]

Alternative forms

  • od (used optionally before words beginning with a vowel)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: ó

Conjunction

o

  1. or

References

  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Etymology 3

Verb

o

  1. Misspelling of ho.

Japanese

Romanization

o

  1. Rōmaji transcription of お
  2. Rōmaji transcription of オ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of を
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ヲ

Khumi Chin

Noun

o

  1. pig

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Latin

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter

o

  1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

ō f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter O.
Coordinate terms

References

  • o in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
  • o in Charlton T. Lewis, An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1891
  • o in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • o in Gaffiot, Félix, Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, 1934
  • o in Harry Thurston Peck, editor, Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1898
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

  • ô (for the vocative particle)
  • ōh (for the interjection meaning "oh")

Pronunciation

Interjection

ō

  1. o! (vocative particle)
    • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II:
      O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
      Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!
    • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Judges 3:19
      et reversus de Galgalis ubi erant idola dixit ad regem verbum secretum habeo ad te o rex et ille imperavit silentium egressisque omnibus qui circa eum erant (Then returning from Galgal, where the idols were, he said to the king: I have a secret message to thee, O king. And he commanded silence: and all being gone out that were about him,)
  2. oh!

Latvian

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

Headset icon.svg This entry needs audio files. If you have a microphone, please record some and upload them. (For audio required quickly, visit WT:APR.)

Letter

O

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Latvian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

In native Latvian words (and in some older borrowings), o represents the sound of IPA [uə̯] (e.g., otrs [uə̯tɾs]). In more recent borrowings, it represents the original sound of the word, i.e. [o] or [oː] (e.g., opera [oːpeɾa]).

See also

Pronunciation

Noun

o m (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.

See also

Ligurian

Ligurian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine o i
feminine  a e

Etymology

From earlier ro ← lo, from Latin illum, form of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

Article

o m sg (plural i)

  1. the

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō; compare Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₁od; compare Sanskrit आत् (āt, “afterwards, then, so”), Avestan 𐬁𐬀𐬝‎ (āat̰, “afterward, then”), perhaps the ablative singular of *h₁e- (“demonstrative pronoun”).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /oː/

Conjunction

õ

  1. (coordinating, adversative) and, but (used to express binary contrasts)
    Taĩ ne kažkàs, ką̃ víenas gãli darýti, õ kìtas – nè. ― It's not something that some people can do and others can't.

Livonian

Pronunciation

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Malay

Letter

o

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Maltese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɔ/ (short phoneme)
  • IPA(key): /ɔː/ (long phoneme)
  • In inherited words, long o occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Mandarin

Romanization

o

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ō.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of ó.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ǒ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of ò.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Maori

Particle

o

  1. of
    2006, Joanne Barker, Sovereignty Matters, page 208:
    In 1979 a gathering of elders at the Waananga kaumatua affirmed te reo Maori “Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Maori” the language is the life principle of Maori mana.

Usage notes

Used instead of a when the possessor has no control over the relationship (inalienable possession).

Middle English

Article

o

  1. Alternative form of oo

See also

Middle Irish

Preposition

o

  1. Alternative spelling of ó

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *awjō. Cognate with Old Norse ey (Swedish ö, Norwegian øy).

Pronunciation

Noun

ö

  1. island

Navajo

Letter

o

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Navajo alphabet:
    o = /o˨/
    ǫ = /õ˨/
    ó = /o˥/
    ǫ́ = /õ˥/
    oo = /oː˨˨/
    ǫǫ = /õː˨˨/
    óo = /oː˥˨/
    ǫ́ǫ = /õː˥˨/
    oó = /oː˨˥/
    ǫǫ́ = /õː˨˥/
    óó = /oː˥˥/
    ǫ́ǫ́ = /õː˥˥/

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

Particle

o

  1. or

Norwegian

Pronunciation

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /uː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/
  • Audio
    		(file)

Letter

o

  1. The 15th letter of the Norwegian alphabet.

O'odham

Particle

o

  1. future tense marker: will; going to.

Usage notes

Not to be confused with ʼo, the third person copula.

References

  • Zepeda, Ofelia, A Tohono Oʼodham Grammar, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1983, pages 169

See also

O'odham Auxiliary
Person Imperfective Perfective Future
1SG 'I' Long 'añ 'añt o
Short ñ nt
2SG 'THOU' Long 'ap 'apt
Short a pt
3SG 'S/HE/IT' Long/Short 'o
1PL 'WE' Long 'c 'att
Short c tt
2PL 'Y'ALL' Long 'am 'amt
Short m mt
3PL 'THEY' Long 'at 'o
Short t


Occitan

Etymology 1

From Latin aut.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Etymology 2

Noun

o f (plural os)

  1. o (the letter o, O)

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From earlier lo, la, from Latin illum, illam (the initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo and la).

Pronunciation

Article

o

  2. the (masculine singular definite article)
    • 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23
      Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.
      This is how Holy Mary added the wine to the barrel, out of love for the good lady of Britain;
    • 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 48
      Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.
      This is how Holy Mary restricted the water of the fountain from the knight.

Usage notes

  • O becomes -no and a becomes -na after nasal sounds:
    Non queria o meu coraçon nen-nos meus olhos. ― She wanted neither (the) my heart nor (the) my eyes.
    Ambas eran-nas melhores que (h)omen pode cousir. ― Both were the best that (a) man can contemplate.
  • O becomes -lo and a becomes -la after other consonants, and the preceding consonant is elided:
    E vós faredes depoi-lo melhor! ― And later ye shall do the best!
    Sobre toda-las bondades que ela (h)avia era que muito fiava en Santa Maria; ― Above all the virtues she possessed was how much she trusted Holy Mary.
  • O becomes el- in front of the noun rei:
    Deu ora el-rei seus dinheiros a Belpelho. ― The king, then, gave his money to Belpelho.
    Se fosse seu o tesouro que el-rei de França ten. ― Were it his the treasure that the king of France has.

Descendants

  • Galician: o
  • Portuguese: o

Pnar

Etymology

Compare Lamet [Nkris] ʔɔːʔ, Riang [Sak] ʔoʔ¹.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o

  1. I

Usage notes

  • It identifis A or S arguments and therefore "nominative". Its topic position and accusative counterpart is nga.

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɔ/
  • Audio
    		(file)

Preposition

o

  1. (+ locative) about (concerning)
    Opowiedz mi o twojej pracy. ― Tell me about your job.
    Ta książka jest o potędze miłości. ― This book is about the power of love.
  2. (+ locative) at (telling the time)
    Spotkajmy się o piątej po południu. ― Let's meet at five PM.
  3. (+ locative, used in descriptions) with
    Była piękną kobietą o długich jasnych włosach. ― She was a beautiful woman with long fair hair.
    chłopiec o zielonych oczach ― a boy with green eyes; a green-eyed boy
  4. (+ accusative) on, against
    Nie opierajcie się o te drzwi. ― Don't lean on this door.
    Dziewczynka uderzyła głową o stół. ― The little girl hit her head on the table.
  5. (+ accusative) for
    Weronika poprosiła mnie wczoraj o pomoc. ― Veronica asked me for help yesterday.
    Walczyliśmy dzielnie o naszą wolność. ― We were bravely fighting for our freedom.
  6. (+ accusative) by (a difference)
    Spóźniła się o piętnaście minut. ― She was fifteen minutes late.
    Czuję się o wiele lepiej. ― I feel much better.
    Obniż podkład o dwa półtony. ― Lower the instrumental by two semitones.

Further reading

  • o in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • o in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • (letter): IPA(key): /ɔ/, /o/
  • (article, pronoun): IPA(key): /u/, /o/, [ʊ]

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  2. The fifteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Etymology 2

From Old Portuguese o (compare Galician o), from Vulgar Latin lo, *illu, from Latin illum, from ille (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo).

Article

o m (feminine a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

  2. the (masculine singular definite article)

Usage notes

For the most part, usage of the definite article in Portuguese is the same as in English. Some differences include:

  • it is optionally but commonly used with abstract mass nouns:
    O amor é melhor que a guerra. ― Love is better than war.
  • it can be optionally used with adjectival possessive pronouns, and mandatorily with substantival possessive pronouns:
    (O) meu livro é melhor que o seu. ― My book is better than yours.
  • it can be used with personal names; often this indicates familiarity with the person (due to personal connection with them or because they are famous); this is avoided in formal contexts:
    (O) João foi até a cidade. ― João went to the city.
    (O) Einstein foi um cientista famoso. ― Einstein was a famous scientist.
  • it is sometimes used instead of a possessive pronoun when the possessor is obvious from the context; this is especially prevalent when refering to parts of the body or one’s own relatives:
    O pai está viajando. ― (My) dad is travelling.
    Você falou com a tia? ― Did you talk with my/our aunt?
    Quando você quebrou os braços? ― When did you break your arms?
  • it used in a construct that is uncommon in English but common in Portuguese whereby a singular is used as a representative or prototype of all instances of the thing:
    O carvalho é uma árvore grande. ― The oak is a big tree.
    A picape é responsável pela poluição. ― Pick-up trucks are responsible for the pollution.
  • it is much more commonly used with placenames; most countries and states take the definite article, as do a minority of cities:
    Eu moro na França. ― I live in France.
    O Rio de Janeiro fica no Brasil. ― Rio de Janeiro is in Brazil.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also
Portuguese articles (edit)
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Definite articles
(the) 		o a os as
Indefinite articles
(a, an; some) 		um uma uns umas

Pronoun

o m (personal)

  2. (In Brazil, literary) him, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ele).

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

Usage notes
  • Becomes -lo after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver:
    Posso vê-lo? ― May I see him/it?
    After conheces:
    Conhece-lo?. ― Do you know him/it?
    After fiz:
    Fi-lo ficar contente. ― I made him/it become happy.
    After nos:
    Deu-no-lo relutantemente. ― He gave him/it to us reluctantly.
    After eis:
    Ei-lo! ― Behold him/it!
  • Becomes -no after a nasal sound:
    Detêm-no como prisioneiro. ― They detain him/it as a prisoner.
    Põe-no aqui. ― Put him/it here.
  • In the colloquial speech of most of Brazil, it is abandoned in favor of the nominative form ele.
    Eu o vi. → Eu vi ele. ― I saw him/it.
See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct object) 		Dative
(indirect object) 		Prepositional Prepositional
with com 		Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no) 		a
(la, na) 		lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se si consigo
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil) 		a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco, com vós vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos) 		as
(las, nas) 		lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se si consigo
Indefinite se si consigo

Rapa Nui

FWOTD – 27 December 2012

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *o.

Particle

o

  1. possessive particle marking an inalienable possession; of
    2008, Sharon Chester, A wildlife guide to Chile, page 15:
    Polynesians are thought to have arrived at Easter Island around AD 800. They called the island Rapa Nui, or more familiarly Te Pito o Te Henua, the Navel of the World.

Usage notes

Inserted before the relevant pronoun. Only for possessions like hands or parents that do not have the ability to no longer be yours; otherwise, use a.

Etymology 2

From Spanish o (“or”).

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Usage notes

Generally used in favor of complex native grammatical structures used to achieve the same ends.

Romani

Article

o m (feminine i, masculine and feminine plural e)

  1. the
    o rrom ― the Romani man
    i Sperànca ― Speranza
    i Rumùnia ― Romania
    o Parìzo ― Paris

Usage notes

  • The definite article is used with proper nouns (given names and place names) as well.

References

  • Yūsuke Sumi, “o”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, 2018, →ISBN, pages 21, 141

Romanian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes

See O.

See also

Etymology 2

From Latin ūna, feminine of ūnus.

Article

o

  1. feminine singular nominative/accusative of un: a/an (indefinite article)
    O femeie frumoasă ― A beautiful woman
Related terms
See also
indefinite article forms singular plural
m, n f
nom/acc un o niște
gen/dat unui unei unor

Etymology 3

Interjection

o

  1. oh

Etymology 4

From a root *eaua, from Latin illam, accusative feminine singular of ille.

Pronoun

o f (unstressed accusative form of ea)

  1. (direct object) her
    O cunoști? ― Do you know her?
    O cunoști pe Iulia? ― Do you know Iulia?
Related terms
  • îl (masculine equivalent)
  • le (plural)

Etymology 5

Verb

(el/ea) o (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of vrea, used with infinitives to form presumptive tenses)

  1. (he/she) might

Samoan

Preposition

o

  1. of

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English of, from Old English of, from af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away (from)”). Compare English of.

Preposition

o

  1. of

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

Preposition

o

  1. from

Derived terms

  • The following prepositional pronouns:
Personal inflection of o
Number Person Simple Emphatic
Singular 1st uam uamsa
2nd uat uatsa
3rd m uaithe uaithesan
3rd f uaipe uaipese
Plural 1st uainn uainne
2nd uaibh uaibhse
3rd uapa uapasan

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Letter

o (Cyrillic spelling о)

  1. The 21st letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by nj and followed by p.

Alternative forms

  • O (uppercase)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o-, ob-.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o (Cyrillic spelling о)

  1. (+ accusative) on, against
    ob(j)esiti nešto o kuku ― to hang something on a hook
    udariti glavom o zid ― to hit one's head against the wall
    ogr(ij)ešiti se o zakon ― to violate a law
  2. (+ locative) about, concerning, of, on
    brinuti se o nekome ― to take care of somebody
    v(ij)est o katastrofi ― news about the catastrophe
    R(ij)eč je o…, radi se o… ― It's about…, this refers to…
    Napisao sam esej o ranom srednjem vijeku. ― I wrote an essay on the Early Middle Ages.
Synonyms
  • (Croatia) ob

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o

  1. (with locative) about, concerning

Somba-Siawari

Noun

o

  1. water
  2. liquid
  3. river

References

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /o/, [o]
    • Audio (Spain)
      		(file)

Etymology 1

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

o f (plural oes)

  1. Name of the letter O.
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

From Latin aut.

Alternative forms

  • u (used before words beginning with an ‘o’ sound)
  • ò (archaic)
  • ó (used near numbers to avoid confusion with a zero: 2 ó 3)

Conjunction

o

  1. or
    ¿Quieres un café o algo?
    Do you want a coffee or something?

Derived terms

Conjunction

o … o

  1. either … or
    Antonym: ni … ni

Further reading

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

o

  1. Verbal marker for the future tense.

See also

Swedish

Pronunciation

Letter name
Phoneme
  • IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /oː/, /ɔ/

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Interjection

o

  1. O (particle)
    Så låt nu, o konung, härom utfärda ett förbud och sätta upp en skrivelse
    Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing (Daniel 6:8)

Noun

o n

  1. the letter o
  2. the Greek letter omega, being the last letter of the Greek alphabet
    Jag är A och O, den förste och den siste, begynnelsen och änden.
    I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. (Revelations 22:13)

Declension

Declension of o 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative o ot on ona
Genitive os ots ons onas

Alternative forms

Conjunction

o

  1. Abbreviation of och (“and”).

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish o (“or”).

Pronunciation

Conjunction

o

  1. or
    Sasama ka ba o dito ka lang?
    Are you coming along or will you just be here?

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English or.

Conjunction

o

  1. or

Turkish

Etymology

Merger of Old Anatolian Turkish ol‎ and an‎ (“she, he, that, it”), from Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞‎ (ol) and [script needed] (an), respectively; both from Proto-Turkic. Cognate with Karakhanid اُلْ‎ (“he, she, it; that”) and Chinese 兀 (wù, “that”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o

  1. he, she, it

See also

Turkish personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ben biz
2nd person familiar sen siz
polite siz
3rd person o onlar

Pronoun

o (demonstrative)

  1. that

See also

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

Noun

o

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

See also

Turkmen

Pronunciation

  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /o/, /oː/

Letter

o (upper case O)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɔː

Noun

o • (姑, 𪦭)

  1. (Thanh Hoá, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh) paternal aunt, father's sister
Synonyms
Related terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Portuguese ó.

Noun

o

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O.
Related terms

Volapük

Pronunciation

Particle

o

  1. vocative case particle
    O flens löfik!
    Dear friends

Welsh

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

  • (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): ò
  • (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): ó
  • (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): ô
  • (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ö

Pronunciation

Letter

o f (plural oau)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by n and followed by p.
  2. The name of the Latin-script letter O.

Derived terms

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
o unchanged unchanged ho
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See also

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Pronoun

o

  1. he, him
Usage notes

O is used predominantly in the north of Wales, while e is used in the south, with fo and fe as variants of o and e respectively. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Celtic *ɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.

Pronunciation

Preposition

o

  1. of
  2. from
Inflection

Template:cy-personal-prop

Yoruba

Pronoun

o

  1. you (second-person singular personal pronoun)

Pronoun

ó

  1. he/she/it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

See also

Affirmative subject pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person mo a
2nd person o ẹ
3rd person ó wọ́n
Negative subject pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person mi / n a
2nd person o ẹ
3rd person [pronoun dropped] wọn
Object pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person mi wa
2nd person ọ / ẹ yín
3rd person [preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] / ẹ̀ wọn
Note: except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.
Emphatic pronouns
singular plural or honorific
1st person èmi àwa
2nd person ìwọ ẹ̀yin
3rd person òun àwọn

Zazaki

Pronoun

o

  1. he

See also

Zazaki personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ez mı ma
2nd person familiar tı to şıma
polite şıma
3rd person o a ê

Pronoun

o (demonstrative)

  1. that

Zou

Particle

o

  1. O, o (vocative particle)

References

Zulu

Letter

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

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