je

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /jɛ/

Verb

je

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) second-person singular present indicative of jam

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): [dʒe]

Noun

je

1. jealousy

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Noun

je

1. canoe

References

• Antoinette Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1 (2014), p. 173

Normal form

• i

Etymology

The traditional form is i but je is found as early as in the first recorded texts in Bourguignon. However nowadays, it is rare to find it, most speakers saying i as it is a typical feature of Bourguignon.

Pronoun

je

1. (rare)
   (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of i

Related terms

    Bourguignon personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Inversion	Reflexive	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Disjunctive (tonic)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)
Singular	First	—	i (rarely je)	-je	me, m’			moi	—	—
	Second	—	tu, t'	-tu	te, t’			toi	—	—
	Third	Masculine	ai, before vowels el	-ti	se, s’	le, l’	lu	lu	y	en
		Feminine	ale			la, l’		lei
		Neuter	çai	-ce		çai		çai, çan	—	—
		—	an	-an		—	—	soi	—	—
Plural	First	—	i (rarely je)	-je	nos				—	—
	Second	—	vos	-vos	vos				—	—
	Third	Masculine	ai, before vowels el	-ti	se, s’	les	lor	lor	y	en
		Feminine	ales

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

  audio

  (file)

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /jɛ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *jь, *ja, *je, originally from Proto-Indo-European *eno-, *ono-, *no-.^{[cs 1]}

Pronoun

je (personal pronoun, accusative case)

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) the third-person plural accusative case of on
2. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) the third-person plural accusative case of ona
3. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) the third-person plural accusative case of ono

See also

• ně

Etymology 2

Formerly jest, from Proto-Slavic *estь, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.^{[cs 1]}

Verb

je

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) third-person singular present indicative of být

References

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /jə/
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

  Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Pronoun

je

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Second-person singular, subjective, unstressed form of jij
   (you)

   Wat doe je daar? ― What are you doing there?

2. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Second-person singular, objective, unstressed form of jou
   (you)

   Ik doe dit wel voor je. — I'll do this for you.

3. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Second-person plural, subjective, unstressed form of jullie
   (you) (plural)

   Wat doe je daar? — What are you doing there?

4. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Second-person plural, objective, unstressed form of jullie
   (you) (plural)

   Ik doe dit wel voor je. — I'll do this for you.

Usage notes

• When je is the unstressed subjective form of jullie, it is construed with a singular verb. Compare:

Het is gevaarlijk, maar jullie moeten weten wat je doet.

It’s dangerous, but you must decide what you’re doing.

Inflection

Etymology 2

Determiner

je (second person, possessive)

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Second-person singular, unstressed form of jouw
   (your)

   Neem je boek en maak die oefening. — Take your book and do that exercise.

2. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Second-person plural, unstressed form of jullie
   (your) (plural)

   Neem je boeken en maak die oefening. — Take your books and do that exercise.

Inflection

Etymology 3

Pronoun

je (second person, reflexive)

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Second-person singular of je
   (yourself)

   Heb je je gewassen? — Did you wash yourself?

2. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Second-person plural of je
   (yourselves)

   Hebben jullie je goed voorbereid? — Have you all prepared yourselves well?

Inflection

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

  Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /je/
• Hyphenation: je

Preposition

je

1. An all-purpose preposition.

Usage notes

The preposition je can replace any other preposition and remain grammatically correct, albeit more ambiguous. It is usually clear what meaning is intended based on context.

It is most useful for prepositional phrases not involving a literal physical connection, and instead, the correct preposition in the source language is mandated by convention only:

"He bets on the horses." (He doesn't place his money on the physical body of the horse.)

"I typed it on the computer." (It was actually typed using the computer.)

"She'll be here in a minute." (She'll be here within or after a minute.)

Without context, Donu ĝin je mi could mean any of the following:

Donu ĝin je [al] mi. — “Give it to me.”

Donu ĝin je [el] mi. — “Give it from me.”

Donu ĝin je [kun] mi. — “Give it with me.”

Without context, La kato saltis je la tablon could mean any of the following:

La kato saltis je [sur] la tablon. — “The cat jumped onto the table.”

La kato saltis je [malsuper] la tablon. — “The cat jumped under the table.”

La kato saltis je [malantaŭ] la tablon. — “The cat jumped behind the table.”

Related terms

• je la tria
• je mia bedaŭro

Etymology

From Old French jo, from Vulgar Latin *eo, from Latin ego, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Near cognates include Spanish yo and Italian io. Further cognates include Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Russian я (ya), English I, German ich, etc.

See cognates in regional languages in France : Angevin je, Bourbonnais-Berrichon je, Bourguignon je or i, Champenois ju, Franc-Comtois i, Gallo je, Lorrain je, Norman je, Orléanais je, Picard ej, Poitevin-Saintongeais jhe, Tourangeau je, Franco-Provençal je and jo, Occitan ieu (Gasconian jo), Catalan jo, Corsican eo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒə/
• Usually pronounced as /ʒø/
  (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

  audio

  (file)

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Rhymes: -ə
  , -ø

Pronoun

je (first person singular, plural nous, object me, emphatic moi)

1. I

Usage notes

• When several pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun je first; it must be the last one, and tu must be said after third persons (this applies also for toi and moi):
  • Nous irons, Rose, toi et moi.

    You, Rose, and I will go.

Derived terms

• j'

Related terms

Further reading

• “je” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Etymology

Old High German io.

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /jeː/
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Rhymes: -eː
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Homophone: jäh
  (only according to a regional pronunciation of this word)

Adverb

je

1. ever
   • (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

     1930, Paul Joachimsen, Der Humanismus und die Entwicklung des deutschen Geistes, in: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, 8, page 467:

     Und nun kommt die Reformation selbst. Die größte geistige Umwälzung, die je ein Volk des Abendlandes erlebt hat.

     And now comes the Reformation itself. The largest spiritual upheaval that was ever experienced by a nation of the Occident.

2. per
3. (with “desto” or “umso”) the

   je mehr, desto besser ― the more the better

   je früher, umso besser ― the sooner the better

Derived terms

• je länger je lieber (“the longer it lasts, the more I like it”)
• je nach
• je nachdem

Etymology

Noun

je

1. eye

Synonyms

• zye

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /jɛː/
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Rhymes: -ɛː

Etymology 1

Shortening of Jesús (“Jesus”).

Interjection

je

1. oh my!

Etymology 2

From English yeah.

Interjection

je

1. (slang) yeah (indicating enthusiastic appreciation, etc.)

Etymology 3

Noun

je n (genitive singular jes, nominative plural je)

1. (obsolete) Name of the letter J, j.

Declension

Synonyms

• (name of J, j): joð

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ʒe/, /ʒɛ/

Noun

je (plural je-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter J/j.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze ^{(Category: io:Latin letter names)}

Alternative forms

• nje (after a preposition)

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /jɛ/

Pronoun

je

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) accusative of wóni

Pronoun

je

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of ie

Pronunciation

• Stem vowel: ê⁴
  • (originally)
    (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /jeː/

Pronoun

jê

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of gî
   .

Pronoun

je (accusative meg)

form removed with the spelling reform of 1938; superseded by eg

See also

Alternative forms

• jo, jeo, jou, ge

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *eo, from Latin ego.

Pronoun

je

1. I
   • (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

     circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, 'Cligès':

     qant je vos voi de tel meniere

     when I see you in such a state

Descendants

• Gallo: je
• Lorrain: i, idj, jge, dje, jé
• Middle French: ie, je, i', j'
  • French: je, j'
• Norman: je
• Picard: ej, jou
• Walloon: dji

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛ/

Etymology 1

Pronoun

je

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) accusative of one
2. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) accusative of ono

See also

• Appendix:Polish pronouns

Etymology 2

Verb

je

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) third-person singular present indicative of jeść

Etymology 1

Shortened from jȅst (“is”).

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /je/

Verb

je ? (Cyrillic spelling је)

1. is (clitic third-person singular present of bȉti (“to be”))

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /je/

Pronoun

je (Cyrillic spelling је)

1. of her (clitic genitive singular of òna (“she”))
2. to her (clitic accusative singular of òna (“she”))

Declension

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ˈjɛ/

Verb

je

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Third-person singular of of byť
2. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Third-person singular of jesť

Verb

je

1. Template:sl-form-verb
2. Template:sl-form-verb

Particle

je

1. well? now? (used to call attention to a question)

Usage notes

Je precedes the question, and is more commonly used in writing (to supplement for what is usually conveyed by tone of voice in speech).

Adverb

-je

1. A clitic placed at the end of a verb, meaning how.

   umelalaje?

   how did you sleep?

Noun

je (definite accusative jeyi, plural jeler)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒe/

Noun

je (definite accusative jeni, plural jeler)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter J.

Declension

Alternative forms

• i, ji, jä, gje

Etymology

From Old Norse ér, from a variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): [ɟéː], [ʝéː], [ʝíː]

Pronoun

je c pl (accusative je, dative jerom, possessive masculine jeern, feminine jera, neuter jere)

1. (personal) you (second person plural)

   gev e ått fåren jere

   give it to that sheep of yours

   annäjerä

   either of you

2. (formal) you

Declension