is

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IS

Wikipedia

Etymology 1

From Middle English is, from Old English is, from Proto-Germanic *isti (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”). Cognate with West Frisian is (“is”), Dutch is (“is”), German ist (“is”), Old Swedish är, er, Old Norse er, es.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US, Canada, General Australian) IPA^(key): /ɪz/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘz/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪz

Verb

is

1. Third-person singular simple present indicative form of be

   He is a doctor.

   • 1999 January 8, Ken Starr, quoting Bill Clinton, Referral from Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr in Conformity with the Requirements of Title 28, United States Code, Section 595(c) (Starr Report)‎^[1], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, retrieved 14 February 2020, page 176:

     "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is."

   • 2012, Robert Moore, Where the Gold is Buried, a legend of Old Fort Niagara (→ISBN), page 137:

     "It's not two weeks yet," I reminded her, hoping that might somehow cheer her. [...] "Tomorrow is two weeks," Ruth said in a distant voice, staring into the flames.

2. (now colloquial) Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is a third-person plural.

   There is three of them there.

   • c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii], page 141, column 2:

     Ber. There is five in the firſt ſhew, / Ken. You are deceiued, tis not so.

Alternative forms

• ees
• 's
• iz

Derived terms

• as-is

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:is.

Synonyms

• bes (AAVE)

See also

Etymology 2

i +‎ -s.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /aɪz/
• Rhymes: -aɪz

Noun

is

1. plural of i

   remember to dot your i's

Usage notes

• There is some difference of opinion regarding the use of apostrophes in the pluralization of references to letters as symbols. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.

Anagrams

• S. I., S.I., SI, Si, Si., si

Pronoun

ís

1. she

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əs/

Verb

is

1. am, are, is (present tense, all persons, plural and singular of wees, to be)
2. Forms the perfect passive voice when followed by a past participle

Noun

is

1. woman

References

• Mark Donohue, Syntactic and Lexical Factors Conditioning the Diffusion of Sound Change, Oceanic Linguistics 44 (2005), page 428

Noun

is

1. plural of i

Pronoun

is

1. (Sette Comuni) Alternative form of es (“it”)

References

“is” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso, Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo, 1974

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːs/
• Rhymes: -iːs
• Rhymes: -iːˀs

Noun

is c (singular definite isen, plural indefinite is)

1. (uncountable) ice (water in frozen form)
2. (uncountable) ice, ice cream (dessert, not necessarily containing cream)
3. (countable) ice, ice cream (ice dessert on a stick or in a wafer cone)

Inflection

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪs/

• audio

  (file)

Verb

is

1. third-person singular present indicative of zijn; is, equals

   Twaalf min drie is negen — twelve minus three equals nine

Adverb

is

1. (informal, dialect) Misspelling of 's.

Anagrams

• si

Romanization

is

1. Romanization of 𐌹𐍃

Etymology

Doublet of és (“and”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈiʃ]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iʃ

Adverb

is (not comparable)

1. also, too, as well

   Synonyms: szintén, ugyancsak, úgyszintén, éppúgy, szintúgy (formal; the others are relatively literary in style)

   Én is szeretem a csokit. ― I, too, like chocolate (aside from other people).

   (Én) a csokit is szeretem. ― I also like chocolate (aside from other things).

2. even, up to, as much as, as long as

   Három óráig is tarthat a műtét ― The operation may even take three hours.

3. (after an interrogative word) again (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten)

   Hogy is hívják? ― What's that called, again?

Derived terms

See also

• egyaránt (equally, alike)

Etymology 1

From agus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪsˠ/, /sˠ/

Conjunction

is

1. reduced form of agus (“and; as”)

   Dia is Muire duit.

   Hello to you, too. (lit. God and Virgin Mary to you.)

   • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 1:

     wil nə fatī xō mŭȧ, s dūŕc šē?

     conventional orthography: An bhfuil na fataí chomh maith is dúirt sé?

     Are the potatoes as good as he said?

   • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 1:

     ə ʒēĺǵə, l̄aurīr ə gūǵə mūn, ńī h-ønn̥̄ ī s ə ʒēlgə š agń̥ə

     conventional orthography: An Ghaeilge a labhraíthear i gCúige Mumhan, ní hionann í is an Ghaeilge seo againne.

     The Irish used in Munster isn’t the same as our Irish.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish is (“is”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪsˠ/, /sˠ/ (before nouns and adjectives)
• IPA^(key): /ʃ/ (before the pronouns é, í, ea, iad)

Particle

is

1. Present/future realis copula form

   Is múinteoir é Dónall. ― Dónall is a teacher.

   (definition: predicate is indefinite)

   Is é Dónall an múinteoir. ― Dónall is the teacher.

   (identification: predicate is definite)

   Is féidir liom snámh. ― I can swim.

   (idiomatic noun predicate)

   Is maith liom tae. ― I like tea.

   (idiomatic adjective predicate)

   Is mise a chonaic é. ― I'm the one who saw him.

   (compare Hiberno-English "'Tis I who saw him"; cleft sentence)

   Is é Dónall atá ina mhúinteoir. ― It's Dónall who is a teacher.

   (cleft sentence)

2. Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives

   an buachaill is mó ― the bigger boy; the biggest boy

   Is mó an buachaill ná Séamas.

   The boy is bigger than James.

   Is é Séamas an buachaill is mó in Éirinn!

   James is the biggest boy in Ireland! (lit. "It is James (who is) the boy (who) is biggest in Ireland")

Usage notes

• Used in the present and future for identification or definition of a subject as the person/object identified in the predicate of the sentence. Sometimes used with noun or adjective predicates, especially in certain fixed idiomatic phrases. Used to introduce cleft sentences, which are extremely common in Irish. It is not a verb.

• The copula does not exist in the imperative and does not have a nominal form analogous to the verbal noun. The phrase bí i do (literally “be in your”) is used as the imperative instead (e.g. Bí i d’fhear! – “Be a man!” (lit. “Be in your man!”)), and equivalent non-copular nominal constructions must be used in place of their hypothetical copular equivalents: bheith ábalta (“to be able”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is féidir), bheith ag iarraidh (“to want”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is mian), bheith ina (“to be”, as with the imperative), etc.

• In comparative/superlative formations, is is strictly speaking the relative of the copula, hence an buachaill is mó literally means "the boy who is biggest", i.e. "the biggest boy". The thing compared is introduced by ná (“than”).

Related terms

Noun

is

1. woman

References

• Mark Donohue, Syntactic and Lexical Factors Conditioning the Diffusion of Sound Change, Oceanic Linguistics 44 (2005), page 428 (used in both Kwerba proper and Anggreso Kwerba)

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *iihs.

Noun

is

1. sweet potato

Derived terms

References

• Baer, Phillip; Baer, Mary; Chan Kꞌin, Manuel; Chan Kꞌin, Antonio, Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)‎^[2] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., 2018, pages 65–66

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /is/, [ɪs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /is/, [is]

Determiner

is (feminine ea, neuter id); demonstrative pronoun

1. (Third-person singular pronoun) he, it (referring to masculine nouns); (demonstrative) this, that

   Is mihi rescripsit.

   He wrote back to me.

   Is amicus est vir bonus.

   This friend is a good man.

Declension

Demonstrative pronoun.

¹The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology of deus. This /iː/ was normally spelled as EI during and as II after the Republic; a disyllabic iī, spelled II, Iꟾ, apears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabic eīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings include EEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S).
²The dat. singular is found spelled EIEI (here represented as ēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings include EEI, IEI.

Derived terms

• idcircō
• īdem
• ideō

Related terms

See also

Etymology 2

Inflected form of eō (“go”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /is/, [is]

Verb

īs

1. second-person singular present active indicative of eō

References

• is in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden, Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co., 1894
  • to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    
  • (ambiguous) those to whom we owe our being: ei, propter quos hanc lucem aspeximus
    
  • (ambiguous) from youth up: a puero (is), a parvo (is), a parvulo (is)
    
  • (ambiguous) he feels better: melius ei factum est
    
  • (ambiguous) Fortune's favourite: is, quem fortuna complexa est
    
  • (ambiguous) to sully one's fair fame: vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere
    
  • (ambiguous) no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    
  • (ambiguous) he is in a suspicious mood: suspicio ei penitus inhaeret
    
  • (ambiguous) the debtor: debitor, or is qui debet
    
  • (ambiguous) the creditor: creditor, or is cui debeo
    
• is in The Perseus Project, Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[4], 1999
• is in Harry Thurston Peck, editor, Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1898
• is in William Smith, editor, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly, 1854, 1857

Verb

is

1. third-person singular present indicative of wēsen

Etymology 1

From Old English īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą; from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyHsom (“ice”).

Alternative forms

• ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːs/

Noun

is (uncountable)

2. ice (frozen water):
   1. A layer of frozen water as a surface.
   2. (rare) An individual portion of ice.
3. (rare, figuratively) That which is short-lived like ice.
4. (rare) icy conditions

Derived terms

• isykle
• Iseland

Descendants

• English: ice
• Scots: ice

References

• “īs (n.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-15.

Etymology 2

From Old English is, third-person present singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *isti, third-person present singular of *wesaną (“to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Alternative forms

• es, ys, us

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /is/

Verb

is

2. (deprecated template usage) Third-person singular present indicative form of been

   Synonym: bith

Descendants

• English: is, 's
• Scots: is

Etymology 3

Determiner

is

1. Alternative form of his (“his”)

Pronoun

is

1. Alternative form of his (“his”)

Etymology 4

Pronoun

is

1. Alternative form of his (“her”)

Etymology 5

Pronoun

is

1. Alternative form of his (“them”)

Etymology 6

Noun

is (plural isnes)

1. Alternative form of iren (“iron”)

Interjection

is

1. as if, as if it were true, it could be, is it really?, what do you mean by that?, so you say expressing surprise

Usage notes

Usually spelled with the final letter repeated: iss, isss, issss.

Alternative forms

• as
• isdaʼ

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Noun

is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural is or iser, definite plural isene)

1. (uncountable) ice
2. (countable) ice cream

Synonyms

• iskrem (ice cream)

Derived terms

References

• “is” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Akin to English ice.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːs/

Noun

is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural isar, definite plural isane)

1. ice
2. ice cream

Synonyms

• iskrem (ice cream)

Derived terms

References

• “is” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Alternative forms

• isi, esi

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *si, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *si.

Noun

is

1. water

References

• P. T. Abraham, A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎^[5], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors, 2005

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-, *ey-, *ī- (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old Saxon īs (Low German Ies), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis). There are parallels in many Iranian languages, apparently from the same Indo-European root: Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬑𐬀‎ (aēxa, “frost, ice”), Persian یخ‎ (yax), Pashto جح‎ (jaḥ), Ossetian их (ix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːs/

Noun

īs n

1. ice

   Hit is swā ċeald þæt wæter sōna tō īse ġefrīest.

   It's so cold that water immediately freezes to ice.

   • the Legend of St Andrew

     Ofer ēastrēamas īs bryċġode.

     The ice formed a bridge over the streams.

2. the runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)

Declension

Derived terms

• īsċeald
• īsiġ

Descendants

• Middle English: is, ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis
  • English: ice
  • Scots: ice

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Compare Old Saxon īs, Old English īs, Old Norse íss, Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis).

Noun

īs

1. ice

Descendants

• Middle High German: īs
  • Alemannic German: Iis, Is, Isch

    Alsatian: Iis; Eis (northern)

    Italian Walser: isch, éisch

  • Bavarian: ais

    Cimbrian: ais

    Mòcheno: ais

  • Central Franconian: Eis, Ies

    Hunsrik: Eis

    Luxembourgish: Äis

  • German: Eis
  • Rhine Franconian:

    Frankfurt: [ais]

    Pennsylvania German: Eis

  • Vilamovian: ajs
  • Yiddish: אײַז‎ (ayz)

Etymology

The lemma is itself is from Proto-Celtic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti; other forms are from either *h₁es- or *bʰuH-.

Verb

is

1. to be
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^d26

     Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.

     It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

Usage notes

This is the so-called "copula", which is distinct from the "substantive verb" at·tá. The copula is used with noun predicates and to introduce a cleft sentence.

Conjugation

See {{sga-conj-is}} for the complete conjugation.

Synonyms

• at·tá (substantive verb)

Derived terms

• cesu (“although... is”)
• condid (“so that... is”)
• in (“is... ?”)
• masu (“if... is”)
• ní (“is not”)

Descendants

• Irish: is
• Manx: s’
• Scottish Gaelic: is

Further reading

• “1 is”, in Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors, eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, 2019
• Thurneysen, Rudolf; D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1940, reprinted 2003, →ISBN, §§ 791–818, pages 483–94
• Holger Pedersen, Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1913, →ISBN, pages 419–431

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *it.

Pronoun

is (is)

1. his, its

Declension

Etymology 2

Verb

is

1. third-person singular present indicative of wesan

Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old English īs (English ice), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis).

Noun

īs n

1. ice
2. The runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: îs
  • Low German:
    • German Low German: Ies
      • Plautdietsch: Iess

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈis/
• (Carioca) IPA^(key): /ˈiʃ/

Noun

is

1. plural of i
   • 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 411:

     Se você pôs os pingos nos is e cortou os tês então pode fazer o que quiser!

     If you've dotted your I's and crossed your T's, then you can do whatever you want!

Adverb

is (not comparable)

1. (South Scots) as

Synonyms

• es

Conjunction

is

1. (South Scots) as

Synonyms

• es

Pronoun

is (personal, non-emphatic)

1. (South Scots) me

See also

• A
• mei (emphatic variant)

Verb

is

1. third-person singular simple present indicative form of be

See also

• ir

Alternative forms

• 's

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ocus (“and”)

Conjunction

is

1. and

Synonyms

• agus

Etymology 2

From Old Irish is, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

Verb

is

1. am, are, is

Usage notes

• This defective verb doesn't have the infinitive, future tense, subjunctive or conditional moods.
• The dependent form, used after particles, is e.
• Is is used when linking the subject of a sentence with an object ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), otherwise forms of the verb bi are used:

  Is mise Dòmhnall. ― I am Donald.

  Tha mise ann an taigh-seinnse. ― I am in a pub.

Derived terms

• 's e
• an e...?
• bu
• chan e
• gur e

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Noun

is c

1. (uncountable) Ice; frozen water.
2. (countable) Ice; a sheet of ice lying on a body of water.

Declension

Related terms

References

• is in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Etymology

From English East.

Noun

is

1. East

Noun

is (definite accusative isi, plural isler)

1. soot
2. fume (solid deposit)
3. kohl

Declension

Adverb

is

1. here

Pronunciation

• (standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /iːs/
  • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /iːʃ/

Adjective

is

1. comparative degree of isel: lower

Preposition

is

1. lower than, under

Mutation