en

See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

English

Etymology 1

Abbreviation.

Pronunciation

Noun

en

  1. English

Etymology 2

The name of the letter comes from Latin en. The typographic sense dates to 1793.

Pronunciation

Noun

en (plural ens)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter N.
    The ems and ens at the beginnings and ends.
  2. (typography) A unit of measurement equal to half an em (half the height of the type in use).
Derived terms
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
See also

Etymology 3

From French.

Pronunciation

  • (imitating the French pronunciation) IPA(key): [ɑ̃], [õ]
  • (anglicised) IPA(key): /ɒn/, /ɑn/

Preposition

en

  1. Used in various phrases borrowed from French or formed as if borrowed from French (see "Derived terms" below).
Derived terms

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch en.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

en

  1. and
    Ek sit en drink koeldrank ― I sit and drink a cold drink.
  2. well
    En? ― well?

Alemannic German

Etymology

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. Cognate with German ein, German Low German en, ein, Dutch een, English one, Icelandic einn, Swedish en.

Pronunciation

Article

en m

  1. (indefinite) a, an

Declension

Declension of en
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative/accusative en e es -
dative emene enere emene -
  • Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Preposition

en

  1. in

Usage notes

  • The preposition en contracts to n' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: n'Asturies (in Asturias), n'honor (in honor)

Derived terms

Breton

Contraction

en

  1. e (preposition "in") + un (indefinite article "a(n)")
  2. e (preposition "in") + an (definite article "the")

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From the final syllable of Latin domine (“Mister”).

Article

en m sg (elided n', feminine na)

  1. (Eastern Catalan) Personal article used before masculine given names instead of the definite article el.
    En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.
    Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.
Usage notes
  • While this article (and its feminine counterpart na) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article els is used in all dialects.
Derived terms
  • can (contraction of ca and ne)

Etymology 2

From Old Occitan, from Latin in (“in, inside”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Preposition

en

  1. in

Etymology 3

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en, Italian ne.

Pronoun

en (proclitic, contracted n', enclitic ne, contracted enclitic 'n)

  1. Represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun.
  2. Represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de.
  3. Replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de.
  4. Replaces the object of a causative verb.
Usage notes
  • En cannot be used more than once as the object of a given verb.
  • While en is usually used to replace phrases beginning with the prepostion de, adverbial phrases (e.g., de pressa) are replaced with hi.
  • En is sometimes used instead of ho to replace an adjective or indefinite noun as the predicate of a verb.
  • En is sometimes used popularly to add emphasis to a sentence: in this sense, it has no translation in English.
Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

See also

Further reading

Central Franconian

Etymology 1

From Old High German in.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Preposition

en

  1. (most dialects) in; into

Adverb

en

  1. (most dialects) in

Etymology 2

From Old High German indi.

Alternative forms

  • on, un (predominant)

Pronunciation

Conjunction

en

  1. (some western dialects) and

Etymology 3

From Old High German ein.

Alternative forms

  • e (neuter and in some dialects masculine, before non-dental consonants)

Pronunciation

Article

en (indefinite)

  1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
  2. (most dialects) neuter nominative and accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
  3. (some dialects) masculine nominative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
  4. (some dialects) masculine accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Pronoun

en (personal, reduced)

  1. (most dialects) him; masculine accusative
  2. (some dialects) he; masculine nominative
  3. (most dialects) them; plural dative

Chuukese

Pronoun

en

  1. Second-person singular pronoun; you

See also

Chuukese personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ngaang, nganga, ngang áám, am (exclusive)
kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nd person een, en áámi, ami
3rd person iiy, i iir, ir

Determiner

en (plural ekkan)

  1. this (not in possession of the speaker)

Cimbrian

Pronoun

en

  1. Alternative form of in (“him”)

Further reading

  • “en” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Crimean Tatar

Noun

en

  1. width

Czech

Pronunciation

Noun

en n

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter N.

Further reading

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin in.

Preposition

en

  1. in

Related terms

Danish

Danish cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : en
    Ordinal : første

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /en/, [en], (stressed) [ˈenˀ]

Article

en (neuter et)

  1. a, an

Numeral

en (neuter et)

  1. one

Pronoun

en or én (neuter et or ét, definite ene)

  1. one

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • (stressed) IPA(key): /ɛn/
  • (unstressed) IPA(key): /ən/
  • audio
    		(file)
  • Hyphenation: en
  • Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ende, from Old Dutch ande, inde, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

Conjunction

en

  1. and
    De oude man en de zee. ― The Old Man and the Sea.
  2. well, so
    En, hoe gaat het ermee? ― Well, how're you doing?
    En? ― Well?
    En, wat zou dat? ― So what?
  3. (mathematics) plus, and
    Drie en vier is zeven. ― Three plus four is seven.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Afrikaans: en
See also

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.

Adverb

en

  1. (obsolete) (en ... niet) not
    • "Herr Halewyn", A.H. Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Horae Belgicae, page 41.
      ‘Uw zoon heer Halewyn is gaen jagen, / g’ en ziet hem weêr uw levens dagen.’
      'Your son Lord Halewyn has gone hunting / you won't see him again for the rest of your life.'
    ...dat aldaer binnen Utrecht niet meer geacht ende respecteert en wordt, ... ― that in Utrecht is no longer valued and respected...

Anagrams

Esperanto

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • Audio
    		(file)

Preposition

en

  1. in, within, inside
    Ĝi estas en la domo. ― It is in (within, inside) the house.
  2. into (when followed by a noun or phrase in the accusative case)
    Li iras en la domon. ― He goes into the house.

Derived terms

Fala

Etymology

From Old Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Preposition

en

  1. in
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 2: Númerus:
      Cumu to é custión de proporciós, sin que sirva de argumentu por nun fel falta, poemus vel que en a misma Europa hai Estaus Soberarius con menus territoriu que os tres lugaris nossus, cumu: […]
      As everything is a matter of proportions, without its presence being an argument, we can see that even in Europe there are Sovereign States with less territory than our three places, such as: […]

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
  • Rhymes: -en
  • Syllabification: en

Verb

en

  1. The first-person singular form of the negative verb (negation verb). The English translations include do not/don’t and not (with auxiliary verbs and be).

Usage notes

  • The negative verb is used with the connegative form of the main verb. That form is identical to the second-person singular imperative in the indicative present. The potential mood connegative ends in the marker for the mood, -ne-, and the conditional mood connegative ends in the marker for the mood, -isi-. In the indicative past, conditional past and potential past, the active past participle singular (ending -ut/-yt) is used. The connegative form of the main verb is always used without the personal suffix.
  • Usage of en:
  • Indicative:
  • Minä näen. (I see.) -> Minä en näe. (I do not see.)
  • Minä näin. (I saw.) -> Minä en nähnyt. (I did not see.)
  • Minä olen nähnyt. (I have seen.) -> Minä en ole nähnyt. (I have not seen.)
  • Minä olin nähnyt. (I had seen.) -> Minä en ollut nähnyt. (I had not seen.)
  • Conditional:
  • Minä näkisin. (I would see.) -> Minä en näkisi. (I would not see.)
  • Minä olisin nähnyt. (I would have seen.) -> Minä en olisi nähnyt. (I would not have seen.)
  • Potential:
  • Minä nähnen. (I probably see.) -> Minä en nähne. (I probably do not see.)
  • Minä lienen nähnyt. (I have probably seen.) -> Minä en liene nähnyt. (I have probably not seen.)

Conjugation

  • The negation verb has no infinitive form.
  • Indicative, conditional and potential moods use the indicative forms (stem e-), for which the verb is conjugated only in person.
  • In the imperative mood the negation verb has the stem äl-.
  • An archaic optative mood exists and is used mainly in poetry.
person indicative mood imperative mood optative mood
1st sing. en (älkääni, älkäämi) (ällön)
2nd sing. et älä (ällös)
3rd sing. ei älköön (älköön)
1st plur. emme älkäämme (älköömme)
2nd plur. ette älkää (älköötte)
3rd plur. eivät älkööt (älkööt)

Anagrams

French

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle French en, from Old French en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Preposition

en

  1. in (used to indicate space, also see usage notes)
    J'habite en Angleterre. ― I live in England.
  2. to (indicates direction towards certain very large locations or turns the locations into indirect objects, see usage notes)
    Il est allé en France. ― He went to France.
  3. by (used to indicate means)
    aller en bus ― go by bus
    partir en voiture ― leave by car
  4. as
    Il me traite en ami. ― He treats me as a friend.
    habillé en père Noël ― dressed as Father Christmas
  5. at (used to describe an ability)
    fort en histoire ― good at history
  6. of, made of (used to describe composition)
    une chaise en hêtre ― a chair made of beech/a beech chair
    une fourchette en métal ― a fork made of metal/a metal fork
  7. in (during the following time (used for months and years))
    en 1993 ― in 1993
    en janvier ― in January
    en septembre 2001 ― in September 2001
  8. (followed by a gerund) while
  9. (followed by a gerund) by, in (describing a way of getting something)
    C'est en trichant qu'il est devenu champion. ― It was by cheating that he became champion.
  10. in (used to describe color)
    une photo en noir et blanc ― a photo in black and white
  11. in (used to describe feelings)
    en détresse ― in distress
  12. in (as part of something)
    en équipe ― on a team
Usage notes
  • En in the sense of while is often not translated into English.
  • When referring to location in countries, provinces, or similar subdivisions in sense 1 and direction or recipient in sense 2, en must be used when the name for that very large location is either a feminine singular noun or a vowel-initial masculine singular noun. If the name for the very large location is a consonant-initial masculine singular noun, au is used, while if the name of the very large location is plural, aux is used.

Further reading

Etymology 2

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare Catalan en, Italian ne

Pronoun

en ?

  1. Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity; of it, of them. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)
    Tu as combien de livres ? J'en ai trois.
    How many books do you have? I have three (of them).
    Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il y en a beaucoup.
    Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them).
    Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j'en ai seulement deux.
    Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them).
    Il y en a combien ?
    How many of them are there?
    Je bois de l'alcool parce que j'en ai besoin
    I drink alcohol because I need (of) it.
  2. Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned.
    Est-ce qu'elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elle en vient.
    Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she does.
Related terms
French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Locative
(at) 		Genitive
(of) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ — — moi
Second — tu te, t’ — — toi
Third Masculine il le, l’ lui y en lui
Feminine elle la, l’ elle
Indeterminate on1 — — — — —
Reflexive — se, s’4 — — soi4
Plural First — nous nous — — nous
Second — vous2 vous2,3 — — vous2
Third Masculine ils3 les leur y en eux3
Feminine elles elles
1 Also used as the first person plural.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

Preposition

en

  1. in

Usage notes

  • The preposition en contracts to n- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.
  • When preceding a complement of a verb it can denote a unfinished or continued action:
    • O Manuel vai na casa ― Manuel went home (implying that eventually he'll be back)
    • María beberrica no licor ― María is sipping his liquor

Derived terms

German Low German

Alternative forms

  • 'n, -'n
  • (in other dialects, including Low Prussian) een
  • (in some dialects) ein

Etymology

From Old Saxon ēn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. Compare Dutch een, German ein, West Frisian ien, English one.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɛɪ̯n/, /ˈeːn/, /ˈæɪ̯n/, /ˈeːɪ̯n/

Article

en m or n (indefinite article)

  1. (in some dialects) a, an

Numeral

en

  1. (in some dialects, including Low Prussian) one (1)

See also

  • Dutch Low Saxon: een
  • Plautdietsch een, (cardinal number) eent

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French un (“one”), from Latin ūnus (“one”).

Numeral

en

  1. one

Synonyms

See also

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

Determiner

en (indefinite)

  1. a, an
    Sie sitze aan em runde Disch.
    They are sitting at a round table.

Pronoun

en

  1. unstressed accusative of er: him.

Inflection

Hunsrik personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
Proclitic Enclitic str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ich

eich

-ich mich

meich

meer mer

m'r

2nd person singular
(informal) 		du

dau/Dau

-du, -de

-Dau, -De

dich

deich/Deich

deer der

d'r/D'r

3rd person singular (m.) er; där -er ihn en ihm em
3rd person singular (f.) sie; die -se sie / ihns se eer

ehr

re
3rd person singular (n.) es; das

et, 't

's es

et

-et, -'t

ihm em
1st person plural meer mer uns

uhs

2nd person plural deer

Ehr, Dehr

der eich

Auch

3rd person plural sie; die -se sie se denne

Declension

Hunsrik indefinite articles
Masculine Feminine Neutral
nom./acc. en

e

en

e

en

e

dative em ener em

Further reading

Icelandic

Adverb

en

  1. how
    Nei, Elín? En gaman að sjá þig! ― Elín? How good to see you!

Conjunction

en

  1. but
    Bjóðum Önnu en ekki Björk. ― Let's invite Anna but not Björk.
    Ég ætla að fá brauð en ekki mjólk. ― I'll have bread but not milk.
  2. than (with an adjective in the comparative)
    Ég er betri en bróðir minn. ― I'm better than my brother.

Usage notes

  • Sometimes Icelandic uses en where English would use and:
    Jón var sonur hans, en Ása dóttir.
    John was his son, and Ása his daughter.
    Veðrið var ekki gott framan af: rigning á fjallinu, en þoka í byggð.
    The weather was not good to begin with: rain in the mountains, and fog in the countryside.
    Rannsókn embættis sérstaks saksóknara á meintum innherjasvikum Baldurs Guðlaugssonar stóð yfir í rúmlega ár, en FME kærði málið með bréfi til embættisins hinn 9. júlí á síðasta ári.[1]
  • In the sentence
    Hún er skemmtilegri en ég.
    She is more fun than I am.
the word en (“than”) may be omitted, and the subject (which is ég (“I”) in this example) may be used in the dative case.
Hún er skemmtilegri mér.
Now the sentence has the same meaning, only much more formal. In order to make the sentence more casual- one can reposition the subject (in the dative).
Hún er mér skemmtilegri.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ “Archived copy”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎[1], accessed 25 April 2019, archived from the original on 19 September 2016

Ido

Etymology

From French en, Spanish en, from Latin in, inde from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).

Pronunciation

Preposition

en

  1. in

Ingrian

Verb

en

  1. first-person singular present of ei

Japanese

Romanization

en

  1. Rōmaji transcription of えん

Jersey Dutch

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch een, from Old Dutch ēn, ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.

Article

en

  1. the

Etymology 2

Cognate to Dutch en (“and”). Compare English and.

Conjunction

en

  1. and
    • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
      Hai waz nît tevrêde täus en […]
      He was not content at home and […]

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese em.

Preposition

en

  1. in

Kott

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔäń (˜x-) ("wave").

Noun

en (plural ēnaŋ)

  1. wave

Noun

en

  1. plural of ei

Kriol

Etymology

From English and.

Conjunction

en

  1. and

Ladino

Preposition

en (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling אין‎)

  1. in
    • 2000, David Altabé, “Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi”, in Esther Benbassa, editor, Les Sépharades en littérature, page 164:
      En todas partes del mundo bivi,
      i pedasos de mi alma abandoni
      I've lived in all parts of the world,
      and abandoned pieces of my soul
    • 2014, Şeli GAON, “La solidaridad”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎[2]:
      Deke la solidaridad es emportante? Porke la solidaridad es lo djusto. Porke; todos bivimos en una sosyetad...
      Why is solidarity important? Because solidarity is what is right. Because we all live in a society...

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Interjection

ēn

  1. lookǃ beholdǃ (presenting something in a lively or indignant manner)
  2. reallyǃ? (surprise or anger in questions)
  3. c'monǃ (exhortation to action in imperatives)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

en f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter N.
Usage notes
  • Multiple Latin names for the letter N, n have been suggested. The most common is en or a syllabic n, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, nē, ən, nə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιννε (inne).
Coordinate terms

References

Latvian

Pronunciation

(file)

Noun

en m (invariable)

  1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter N/n.

See also

Leonese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

en

  1. in

Usage notes

When followed by an article, en is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

Contractions of en
en + article Combined form
en + el nel
en + la na
en + lu nu
en + los nos
en + las nas
en + article Combined form
en + un nun
en + una nuna
en + unos nunos
en + unas nunas
en + pronoun Combined form
en + el nél
en + eilla neilla
en + eillu neillu
en + eillos neillos
en + eillas neillas
en + dem. adjective Combined form en + dem. pronoun Combined form
en + esti nesti en + ésti nésti
en + esta nesta en + ésta nésta
en + estu nestu en + éstu néstu
en + estos nestos en + éstos néstos
en + estas nestas en + éstas néstas
en + dem. adjective Combined form en + dem. pronoun Combined form
en + esi nesi en + ési nési
en + esa nesa en + ésa nésa
en + esu nesu en + ésu nésu
en + esos nesos en + ésos nésos
en + esas nesas en + ésas nésas
en + dem. adjective Combined form en + dem. pronoun Combined form
en + aquel naquel en + aquél naquél
en + aqueilla naqueilla en + aquéilla naquéilla
en + aqueillu naqueillu en + aquéillu naquéillu
en + aqueillos naqueillos en + aquéillos naquéillos
en + aqueillas naqueillas en + aquéillas naquéillas

References

Lule Sami

Verb

en

  1. first-person dual present of ij

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

Pronunciation

Article

en m or n

  1. Indefinite article; a, an
    Ech droen en Hutt wann et reent. ― I wear a hat when it rains.
    Hues du e bloe Stëft? ― Do you have a blue pen?

Declension

Luxembourgish indefinite articles
masculine feminine neuter
nom./acc. en eng en
dative engem enger engem

Pronoun

en

  1. unstressed form of hien
    Hues de n e gefrot? ― Have you asked him?
  2. unstressed form of hinnen
    Ech hunn et e gesot. ― I told it them

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative reflexive
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ech — mech — mir mer like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du de dech — dir der like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Dir Der Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech
3rd person singular (m) hien en hien en him em sech
3rd person singular (f) si se si se hir er sech
3rd person singular (n) hatt et ('t) hatt et ('t) him em sech
1st person plural mir mer eis (ons) — eis (ons) — eis (ons)
2nd person plural dir der iech iech [əɕ] iech iech [əɕ] iech
3rd person plural si se si se hinnen en sech

Usage notes

  • Due to the Eifel Rule, the final -n is lost when the following word begins with a consonant other than <d>, <h>, <n>, <t> or <z>.

Mandarin

Romanization

en

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ēn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of én.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ěn.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of èn.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

Conjunction

en

  1. Alternative form of ende

Middle English

Preposition

en

  1. Alternative form of in (“in”)

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French [Term?], from Latin in.

Preposition

en

  1. on; on to

Descendants

  • French: en

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”).

Pronunciation

Unknown, possibly IPA(key): /ɛn/ or IPA(key): /ən/.

Particle

en m

  1. not; negates a verb, usage is facultative if it leads to a double negative
    Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.
    Nobody shall [not] sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...
  2. unless
    Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.
    Nobody shall sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...

Alternative forms

  • ne (older, Eastphalian)

Movima

Verb

en

  1. to stand

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : en
    Ordinal : første

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈeːn/ - (stressed)
  • IPA(key): /ən/ - (unstressed)

Article

en m (feminine ei, neuter et)

  1. a, an (indefinite article)

Numeral

en m (feminine ei, neuter ett, stressed form én)

  1. one

Derived terms

See also

References

Old French

Alternative forms

  • in (10th century)

Etymology

From Latin in.

Pronunciation

Preposition

en

  1. in; inside
    • 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):
      Et pour ce qu’il se complaint moult de froit et horipilacion, pour ce au commencement on luy doit mettre les piés et les mains en eaue chaulde
      And if he complains about cold and shivers, to start with one must put his feet and is hands in hot water
  2. on; upon
    • 12th Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:
      qi en la crois fu mis
      [He] who was put on the cross
  3. in (experiencing an emotion, a feeling, etc.)
    en paine ― in pain
  4. in (indicates a language)
    en latin ― in Latin

Descendants

  • Middle French: en
    • French: en
  • Norman: en

Old Frisian

Old Frisian cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : en

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

Numeral

en m

  1. one
    ēn skilling ― one shilling

Inflection

Masculine SG Feminine SG Neuter SG
nominative ēn ēn ēn
accusative ēnne ēne ēn
genitive ēnes ēnere ēnes
dative ēna ēnere ēna

Descendants

  • North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: een m, ian f or n
    Helgoland: iaan, jaan
    Mooring: ån m, iinj f or n
    Sylt: jen
    Wiedingharde: aarn m, iin f or n
  • Saterland Frisian: aan, een
  • West Frisian: ien

Old Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *en (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Preposition

en

  1. in

Related terms

Descendants

  • Latin: in

Old Norse

Conjunction

en

  1. but
  2. (as a copulative): and
  3. than

Synonyms

  • (and): ok
  • (than): an

References

  • en in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Occitan

Pronoun

en

  1. of it; of them
    • 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Can vei la lauzeta mover
      Ailas! Tan cuidava saber
      D'amor, e tan petit en sai,
      Alas! I thought I knew so much
      about love, and I know so little [of it]!

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

Preposition

en

  1. in
    • 13th century, attributed to Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 294 (facsimile):
      Como hũa moller q̇ iogaua os dados en pulla lançou hũa pedra aa omagen de ſ[ant]a mari[a] por q̇ perdera ⁊ parou un angeo de pedra que y eſtava a mão ⁊ reçibiu o colpe.
      How a woman who was playing dice in Apulia threw a stone at the statue of Holy Mary because she had lost, and an angel of stone which was there reached out its hand and received the blow.

Descendants

  • Fala: en
  • Galician: en
  • Portuguese: em

Old Saxon

Old Saxon cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : ēn

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

Pronunciation

Numeral

en m

  1. one
    • thoh uui hēr te meti habdin garu im te geƀanne sō uui mahtin fargelden mēst tueho uuāri is noh than that iro ēnig thar ēnes gināmi
      Though we had food that we should buy to give him. The most doubt is still there that anyone once felt
      (Heliand, verse 2637)

Article

en m

  1. a, an (rarely used)

Declension

Declension of ēn
Masculine Neuter Feminine
nominative ēn ēn ēn
accusative ēnana ēn ēna
genitive ēnes ēnes ēnaro
dative ēnumu ēnumu ēnaro


Descendants

  • Middle Low German: ên, ein
    • Low German:
      • German Low German: een (Hamburger)
      • Westphalian:
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: åine
        Sauerländisch: ên
        Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne
    • Plautdietsch: een

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.

Numeral

ēn m or f

  1. one

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German ein.

Article

en (indefinite)

  1. a, an

Inflection

masculine feminine neuter
nominative
and
accusative 		en en en
dative me re me

Slovene

Slovene numbers
< 0 1 2 >

Etymology

Contraction of earlier êden, from Proto-Slavic *(j)edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).

Pronunciation

Numeral

ȅn

  1. one

Usage notes

The form êden is used when the word does not modify a noun directly, but stands in predicate position. When counting or reciting numbers, the feminine form êna is normally used.

Inflection

Declension of en (hard)
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative èn, êden êna êno
accusative nominativeinan or genitiveanim êno êno
genitive ênega êne ênega
dative ênemu êni ênemu
locative ênem êni ênem
instrumental ênim êno ênim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative — — —
accusative — — —
genitive — — —
dative — — —
locative — — —
instrumental — — —
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative êni êne êna
accusative êne êne êna
genitive ênih ênih ênih
dative ênim ênim ênim
locative ênih ênih ênih
instrumental ênimi ênimi ênimi

Derived terms

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognate with Old English in and English in.

Pronunciation

Preposition

en

  1. in, at, on
    Estoy en casa.
    I'm at home.
    Estoy sentado en la computadora.
    I'm sitting at the computer.
    en esta página
    on this page
    en la caja en la mesa
    in the box on the table
  2. in (a time)
    en la antigüedad
    in antiquity
    en 1999
    in 1999
  3. in (a language)
    No conozco esta palabra en francés.
    I don't know this word in French.
    en todos los idiomas
    in all languages
  4. used after some verbs and translated by various prepositions in English
    Pienso en tí.
    I'm thinking of you.
  5. in (in various expressions)
    en el sentido
    in the sense
    en nuestro afán
    in our eagerness

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From older hem, from English him.

Alternative forms

Pronoun

en

  1. Third-person singular possessive determiner/pronoun; his, her, its

Pronoun

en

  1. Third-person singular object pronoun; him, her, it
  2. Contrastive variant of a; he, she, it.

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ēn, æn, from Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

en (genitive ens)

  1. one; object form of man (=one)
    Det man inte vet skadar en inte
    What one doesn’t know doesn’t hurt one.
  2. one (see usage notes)
Usage notes

En has in recent years been used as a more gender-conscious alternative to the impersonal pronoun man. The development is in some ways parallel to the gender-neutral pronoun hen. Usage is common among certain speaker groups, but not universally acknowledged in the standard language.[3] Previously it has also been used in some dialects.

Declension
Swedish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
singular first — jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
second — du dig, dej3 din ditt dina
third masculine (person) han honom, han2 hans
feminine (person) hon henne hennes
gender-neutral (person)1 hen henom, hen2 hens
common (noun) den den dess
neuter (noun) det det dess
indefinite man or en4 en ens
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural first — vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
second — ni er er, eran2, ers5 ert, erat2 era
archaic I eder eder, eders5 edert edra
third — de, dom3 dem, dom3 deras
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Not universally accepted neologism.
2Informal
4Dialectal, also used lately as a gender-neutral alternative to man.
5Formal address

Pronunciation 2

Numeral

Swedish cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : en
    Ordinal : första

en (neuter ett)

  1. one
Coordinate terms
Cardinal numbers from 0 to 99
—0 —1 —2 —3 —4 —5 —6 —7 —8 —9
0— noll ett
en		 två tre fyra fem sex sju åtta nio
1— tio elva tolv tretton fjorton femton sexton sjutton arton nitton
2— tjugo tjugoett
tjugoen		 tjugotvå tjugotre tjugofyra tjugofem tjugosex tjugosju tjugoåtta tjugonio
3— trettio trettioett
trettioen		 trettiotvå trettiotre trettiofyra trettiofem trettiosex trettiosju trettioåtta trettionio
4— fyrtio fyrtioett
fyrtioen		 fyrtiotvå fyrtiotre fyrtiofyra fyrtiofem fyrtiosex fyrtiosju fyrtioåtta fyrtionio
5— femtio femtioett
femtioen		 femtiotvå femtiotre femtiofyra femtiofem femtiosex femtiosju femtioåtta femtionio
6— sextio sextioett
sextioen		 sextiotvå sextiotre sextiofyra sextiofem sextiosex sextiosju sextioåtta sextionio
7— sjuttio sjuttioett
sjuttioen		 sjuttiotvå sjuttiotre sjuttiofyra sjuttiofem sjuttiosex sjuttiosju sjuttioåtta sjuttionio
8— åttio åttioett
åttioen		 åttiotvå åttiotre åttiofyra åttiofem åttiosex åttiosju åttioåtta åttionio
9— nittio nittioett
nittioen		 nittiotvå åttiotre nittiofyra nittiofem nittiosex nittiosju nittioåtta nittionio
Cardinal numbers from 100 onward

…

…

…

Related terms

Article

en c (neuter ett)

  1. the indefinite article: a, an.
Declension
  • en and ett are invariable in the singular, as nominative en konung (a king) and genitive en konungs (a king's).
  • The genitive enes and the dative enom are dated.

Etymology 2

From earlier ene (sometimes also ener), from Old Norse einir.

Pronunciation 3

Noun

en c

  1. juniper
Declension
Declension of en 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative en enen enar enarna
Genitive ens enens enars enarnas
Related terms

References

Anagrams

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Old Turkic en‎ (en), from Proto-Turkic *ēn (“breadth, width”).

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural enler)

  1. width
  2. a cachet on an animal or bonded goods
Declension
Inflection
Nominative en
Definite accusative eni
Singular Plural
Nominative en enler
Definite accusative eni enleri
Dative ene enlere
Locative ende enlerde
Ablative enden enlerden
Genitive enin enlerin
Possessive forms
Singular Plural
1st singular enim enlerim
2nd singular enin enlerin
3rd singular eni enleri
1st plural enimiz enlerimiz
2nd plural eniniz enleriniz
3rd plural enleri enleri

Etymology 2

From Old Turkic 𐰭‎ (eŋ), from Proto-Turkic [Term?].

Adverb

en

  1. Forms the superlative of the following adjective.
    büyük, en büyük
    big, (the) biggest

Veps

Verb

en

  1. first-person singular present of ei

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian and, ende, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

en

  1. and

Further reading

  • “en”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zou

Noun

en

  1. food

References


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