de

See also: Appendix:Variations of "de"

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

From French de.

Symbol

de

  1. (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)

English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

  • dee (Northumbria)

Verb

de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)

  1. (Northumbria) To do.

References

  • The New Geordie Dictionary, Frank Graham, 1987, →ISBN
  • Newcastle 1970s, Scott Dobson and Dick Irwin, [2]
  • Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
  • A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Article

de

  1. Pronunciation spelling of the, representing African-American Vernacular English.

Etymology 3

Interjection

de

  1. A meaningless syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.
    "Dum de dum, dum de dum", he hummed as he sauntered down the road.

Anagrams

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

  • der (prevocalic)
  • dr (Bern)

Article

de

  1. (definite) the

Declension

Alemannic German definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative/Accusative de
dr (Bern) 		d s
ds (Bern) 		d
Dative em der em de
  • Masculine nominative/accusative singular de has the form der before a vowel, e.g. der alt Maa ‘the old man’
  • Dative plural de has the form den before a vowel, e.g. den alte Fraue ‘(to) the old women’
  • Feminine singular d and plural d have the variant di before an adjective, e.g. di jung Mueter ‘the young mother’

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. of, from

Usage notes

  • The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (“of Asturias”), d'hermanu (“of a brother”).

Derived terms

Bambara

Pronunciation

Particle

de

  1. emphatic particle

References

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

de f (plural des)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D.

Etymology 2

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation

Preposition

de (before vowel or h d')

  1. of, from

Further reading

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish de.

Preposition

de

  1. (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)
    hopia de Cebu
    Cebu's hopia or hopia of/from Cebu
    Isabel biyuda de Cortes
    Maria widow of Cortes

Related terms

Central Franconian

Pronunciation

Article

de (definite, reduced)

  1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
  2. (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
  3. (many dialects) plural dative
  4. (some dialects) masculine nominative
  5. (some dialects) masculine accusative
  6. (few dialects) feminine dative

Usage notes

  • (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.
1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always dä.
2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.
3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).
  • (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or dä.
  • (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
  • Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

  • di (Luserna)

Article

de

  1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
    1. nominative singular feminine
    2. accusative singular feminine
    3. nominative plural
      De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.
      The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.
    4. accusative plural

See also

Cimbrian definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative dar de / di 's / z de / di
Accusative in de / di 's / z de / di
Dative me dar me in

References

  • “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. of

Related terms

Danish

Pronunciation

Article

de

  1. plural definite article
    de grønne huse
    the green houses

Pronoun

de

  1. they (third-person plural nominative pronoun)
  2. those (plural demonstrative pronoun)
    De kager smager ikke godt.
    Those cakes are not delicious.
    • 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90
      De huse er meget store, både som sommerhuse og som helårshuse for de gamle hvis de flytter tilbage som pensionister uden børnene.
      Those houses are very large, both as summerhouses and all-year-houses for the old people, if they move back, being retired, without their children.
    • 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN
      De borde var normalt forbeholdt VIP'erne og arrangørerne.
      Those tables were usually reserved for the VIP's and the arrangers.

See also

Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common(noun) den dens
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

Dutch

Etymology

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /də/
  • Audio
    		(file)
  • Hyphenation: de
  • Rhymes: -ə

Article

de

  1. the (definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural)
    De man ― The man (masculine singular)
    De vrouw ― The woman (feminine singular)
    Het boek ― The book (neuter singular)
    De boeken ― The books (neuter plural)
    De oude man en de zee. ― The old man and the sea.

Usage notes

  • Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.

Inflection

Dutch definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative de de het de
Genitive des der des der
Dative den der den den
Accusative den de het de

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: die

See also

Anagrams

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin dē, French de, Spanish de.

Pronunciation

  • Audio
    		(file)

Preposition

de

  1. from
    Mi ne aĉetas ion ajn de ĉi tiu vendejo!
    I don't buy anything at all from this store!
  2. of, possessed by
    La aŭto de Davido estas nigra.
    David's car is black.
  3. done, written or composed by
    Ĉu vi havas esperantan tradukon de Drakulo de Bram Stoker?
    Do you have an Esperanto translation of Dracula by Bram Stoker?
    La viro estis mordita de hundo.
    The man was bitten by a dog.
    Synonyms: far, fare de

Fala

Etymology

From Old Portuguese de, from Latin dē (“of; from”).

Preposition

de

  1. of
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      Español falan millós de persoas.
      Millions of people speak Spanish.

Usage notes

Contractions:

Faroese

Noun

de n (genitive singular des, plural de)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D.

Declension

Declension of de
n4 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative de deið de deini
accusative de deið de deini
dative de, dei denum deum deunum
genitive des desins dea deanna

See also

French

Etymology 1

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /də/
  • audio
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -ə

Preposition

de

  1. of (expresses belonging)
    • 1837, Louis Viardot, chapter I, in L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra:
      Dans une bourgade de la Manche, dont je ne veux pas me rappeler le nom, vivait, il n’y a pas longtemps, un hidalgo ....
      In a village of La Mancha, whose name I do not want to remember, lived, not long ago, an hidalgo ....
    Paris est la capitale de la France. ― Paris is the capital of France.
  2. of (used to express property or association)
    Œuvres de Fermat ― Fermat’s Works
    Elle est la femme de mon ami. ― She is my friend’s wife.
    le voisin de Gabriel ― Gabriel's neighbor
  3. from (used to indicate origin)
    Elle vient de France. ― She comes from France.
    Êtes-vous de Suisse ? ― Are you from Switzerland?
    Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. ― This cheese is from Spain.
    C’est de l’ouest de la France. ― It’s from the west of France.
    Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. ― The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux.
  4. of (indicates an amount)
    5 kilos de pommes. ― 5 kilograms of apples.
    Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine
    Une portion de frites ― A portion of fries
  5. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word
    Un jus de pomme ― Apple juice
    Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine
    Une boîte de nuit ― A nightclub
    Un chien de garde ― A guarddog
    Une voiture de sport ― A sportscar
    Un stade de football ― A football stadium
  6. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range)
    De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. ― From 9 to 11 I won’t be free.
    Je travaille de huit heures à midi. ― I work from 8 o'clock to noon.
    un groupe de cinq à huit personnes ― a group of [from] five to eight people
  7. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive
    J’ai arrêté de fumer. ― I stopped smoking.
    Il continue de m’embêter. ― He keeps annoying me.
    Elle m’a dit de venir. ― She told me to come.
    Nous vous exhortons de venir. ― We urge you to come.
  8. by (indicates the amount of change)
    Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. ― Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%.
Usage notes

Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’. Before the article le, it contracts with the article into du, as shown in the example above. Before the article les, it contracts with the article into des.

Le Songe d’une nuit d’été — “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” (Literally, “The Dream of a night of summer”)
La queue du chien — “The dog’s tail”
Index des auteurs — “Index of the authors”

Article

de (interrogative) (negative, negation)

  1. (indefinite) some; any (in questions or negatives)
    Je voudrais de la viande. ― I would like some meat.
    Est-ce qu'il y a de la bonne musique ? ― Is there any good music?
    Nous cherchons du lait. ― We're looking for some milk.
  2. (negative) (pas de) a, an, any
    Elle a pas de mère. ― She doesn't have a mother.
    Il a pas de crayon. ― He doesn't have a pencil.
    J'ai pas de temps. ― I don't have any time.
Usage notes

In the positive, de is usually used with a definite article, as in the examples. In the negative, without an article.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

de (plural des)

  1. Abbreviation of dame.
See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation

  • Audio
    		(file)

Preposition

de

  1. of, from

Usage notes

The preposition de contracts to d- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

Derived terms

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French deux (“two”)

Numeral

de

  1. two

Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ ˈdɛ]
  • Audio
    		(file)

Adverb

de (not comparable)

  1. how!, very much
    De szép ez a ház! ― Oh, how beautiful that house is!

Synonyms

Conjunction

de

  1. but
  2. (oh) yes!, surely! (used as a positive contradiction to a negative statement)
    Nem voltál itt! - De ott voltam. ― You weren't here! - Yes I was!

Derived terms

(Expressions):

See also

Hunsrik

Alternative forms

  • te (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

Pronunciation

Article

de (definite)

  1. inflection of där:
    1. unstressed nominative/accusative singular masculine
    2. unstressed dative singular feminine
    3. unstressed dative plural all genders

Declension

Hunsrik definite articles
nominative accusative dative
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
Masculine där de där de dem
Feminine die die där de
Neuter das das dem
Plural die die den de

Further reading

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from French de and Spanish de.

Pronunciation

Preposition

de

  1. from (indicating departure, dependency, starting point, origin or derivation)
    Me kompris la frukti de la merkato.
    I bought the fruits from the market.
  2. of (with a noun: indicating measurement, quantity, amount, content)
    Me esis un de kin en la konkurso.
    I was one of five in the competition.
    Me prizas tre multe tasego de kafeo ye la matino.
    I really like a big cup of coffee in the morning.
  3. of (with an adjective: indicating measurement, dimension)
    Me havas tri boteli plena de aquo.
    I have three bottles of water.
  4. with a title of nobility
    Rejio de Anglia
    Queen of England

Antonyms

  • ad (“to”)
  • til (“until, till”)

Derived terms

Related terms

  • di (“of (indicates possession or association)”)
  • da (“by”)

Noun

de (plural de-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

See also

See also

  • ek (“out of, out from”)

Interlingua

Preposition

de

  1. from
  2. since
  3. of
  4. with
  5. by means of
  6. to
  7. for

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish di (“of, from”)

Alternative forms

  • d’ (used before a vowel sound)

Pronunciation

Preposition

de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)

  1. from
  2. of
Inflection
Inflection of de
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. díom díomsa
2d person sing. díot díotsa
3d sing. masc. de desean
3d sing. fem. di dise
1st person pl. dínn dínne
2d person pl. díbh díbhse
3d person pl. díobh díobhsan
Derived terms
Irish preposition contractions
Basic form Contracted with Copular forms
an (“the sg”) na (“the pl”) mo (“my”) do (“your”) a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) ár (“our”) ar (“which (past)”) (before consonant) (present/future before vowel) (past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”) den de na
desna*		 de mo
dem*		 de do
ded*, det*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
do (“to, for”) don do na
dosna*		 do mo
dom*		 do do
dod*, dot*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
faoi (“under, about”) faoin faoi na faoi mo faoi do faoina faoinár faoinar faoinarb faoinarbh
fara (“along with, beside”) fairis an fairis na fara mo fara do farana faranár faranar faranarb faranarbh
i (“in”) sa, san sna i mo
im*		 i do
id*, it*		 ina inár inar inarb inarbh
le (“with”) leis an leis na le mo
lem*		 le do
led*, let*		 lena lenár lenar lenarb lenarbh
ó (“from, since”) ón ó na
ósna*		 ó mo
óm*		 ó do
ód*, ót*		 óna ónár ónar ónarb ónarbh
trí (“through”) tríd an trí na trí mo trí do trína trínár trínar trínarb trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish de (“of/from him”).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Pronoun

de (emphatic desean)

  1. third-person singular masculine of de

Further reading

Italian

Contraction

de

  1. Apocopic form of del
    Michael Radford è il regista de "Il postino". ― Michael Radford is the director of "Il Postino".

Usage notes

De is used where del, della, etc, would ordinarily be used, but cannot be because the article is part of the title of a film, book, etc.

See also

Anagrams

Japanese

Romanization

de

  1. Rōmaji transcription of で
  2. Rōmaji transcription of デ

Jersey Dutch

Etymology

Cognate to Dutch de (“the”).

Article

de

  1. the
    • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
      De v'lôrene zön
      The prodigal (literally "lost") son

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. of, from

Derived terms

Ladino

Preposition

de (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling די)

  1. of, from

Lashi

Noun

de

  1. wealth

References

Latin

Etymology 1

From Etruscan. Etruscan names of stops were the stop followed by /eː/[1].

Pronunciation

Noun

dē f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter D.
Coordinate terms

References

  • de in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • de in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • de in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • de in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
    • to take root: radices agere (De Off. 2. 12. 73)
    • to be struck by lightning: de caelo tangi, percuti
    • to turn aside from the right way; to deviate: de via declinare, deflectere (also metaphorically)
    • make way for any one: (de via) decedere alicui
    • weary with travelling; way-worn: fessus de via
    • to leave a place: discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo
    • to quit a place for ever: decedere loco, de, ex loco
    • to throw oneself from the ramparts: se deicere de muro
    • to throw some one down the Tarpeian rock: deicere aliquem de saxo Tarpeio
    • while it is still night, day: de nocte, de die
    • late at night: multa de nocte
    • a fine, practised ear: aures elegantes, teretes, tritae (De Or. 9. 27)
    • to pass a thing from hand to hand: de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid
    • to wrest from a person's hand: ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid
    • to slip, escape from the hands: e (de) manibus effugere, elābi
    • the world of sense, the visible world: res sensibus or oculis subiectae (De Fin. 5. 12. 36)
    • to free one's mind from the influences of the senses: sevocare mentem a sensibus (De Nat. D. 3. 8. 21)
    • from one's entry into civil life: ab ineunte (prima) aetate (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    • to dream of a person: somniare de aliquo
    • to depart this life: (de) vita decedere or merely decedere
    • to depart this life: de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare
    • to remove a person: e or de medio tollere
    • I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    • for valid reasons: iustis de causis
    • to comfort a man in a matter; to condole with him: consolari aliquem de aliqua re
    • to deserve well at some one's hands; to do a service to..: bene, praeclare (melius, optime) mereri de aliquo
    • to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly: male mereri de aliquo
    • to expostulate with a person about a thing: conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re
    • to inform a person: certiorem facere aliquem (alicuius rei or de aliqua re)
    • to mention a thing: mentionem facere alicuius rei or de aliqua re
    • to mention a thing incidentally, casually: mentionem inicere de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf.
    • to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person: de gloria, fama alicuius detrahere
    • to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
    • to do work (especially agricultural): opus facere (De Senect. 7. 24)
    • to exert oneself very considerably in a matter: desudare et elaborare in aliqua re (De Senect. 11. 38)
    • to study the commonplace: cogitationes in res humiles abicere (De Amic. 9. 32) (Opp. alte spectare, ad altiora tendere, altum, magnificum, divinum suspicere)
    • vague, undeveloped ideas: intellegentiae adumbratae or incohatae (De Leg. 1. 22. 59)
    • to give up one's opinion: de sententia sua decedere
    • to give up one's opinion: (de) sententia desistere
    • to be forced to change one's mind: de sententia deici, depelli, deterreri
    • to make a man change his opinion: de sententia aliquem deducere, movere
    • to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
    • to form a plan, make a resolution: consilium capere, inire (de aliqua re, with Gen. gerund., with Inf., more rarely ut)
    • to deliberate together (of a number of people): consilium habere (de aliqua re)
    • to deliberate, consider (of individuals): consultare or deliberare (de aliqua re)
    • designedly; intentionally: de industria, dedita opera (opp. imprudens)
    • from memory; by heart: ex memoria (opp. de scripto)
    • to reduce a thing to its theoretical principles; to apply theory to a thing: ad artem, ad rationem revocare aliquid (De Or. 2. 11. 44)
    • to apply oneself very closely to literary, scientific work: in litteris elaborare (De Sen. 8. 26)
    • to be a man of great learning: doctrina abundare (De Or. 3. 16. 59)
    • abstruse studies: studia, quae in reconditis artibus versantur (De Or. 1. 2. 8)
    • to have a thorough grasp of a subject: penitus percipere et comprehendere aliquid (De Or. 1. 23. 108)
    • for a Roman he is decidedly well educated: sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12)
    • to civilise men, a nation: homines, gentem a fera agrestique vita ad humanum cultum civilemque deducere (De Or. 1. 8. 33)
    • to obtain a result in something: aliquid efficere, consequi in aliqua re (De Or. 1. 33. 152)
    • he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    • to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
    • to give advice, directions, about a matter: praecepta dare, tradere de aliqua re
    • Cicero's philosophical writings: Ciceronis de philosophia libri
    • Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis)
    • to teac: tradere (aliquid de aliqua re)
    • dialectical nicety: disserendi subtilitas (De Or. 1. 1. 68)
    • moral science; ethics: philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus (Acad. 1. 5. 19)
    • moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    • to systematise: ad rationem, ad artem et praecepta revocare aliquid (De Or. 1. 41)
    • to determine the nature and constitution of the subject under discussion: constituere, quid et quale sit, de quo disputetur
    • the points on which proofs are based; the grounds of proof: loci (τόποι) argumentorum (De Or. 2. 162)
    • to discuss, investigate a subject scientifically: disputare (de aliqua re, ad aliquid)
    • to discuss both sides of a question: in utramque partem, in contrarias partes disputare (De Or. 1. 34)
    • to be contested, become the subject of debate: in controversiam vocari, adduci, venire (De Or. 2. 72. 291)
    • the point at issue: id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam
    • a twofold tradition prevails on this subject: duplex est memoria de aliqua re
    • to write poetry with facility: carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50)
    • to learn to play a stringed instrument: fidibus discere (De Sen. 8. 26)
    • the melody: modi (De Or. 1. 42. 187)
    • the art of painting: ars pingendi, pictura (De Or. 2. 16. 69)
    • the dramatic art: ars ludicra (De Or. 2. 20. 84)
    • to retire from the stage: de scaena decedere
    • to be fluent: disertum esse (De Or. 1. 21. 94)
    • to be a capable, finished speaker: eloquentem esse (De Or. 1. 21. 94)
    • flow of oratory: flumen orationis (De Or. 2. 15. 62)
    • incorrect language: oratio inquinata (De Opt. Gen. Or. 3. 7)
    • flowers of rhetoric; embellishments of style: lumina, flores dicendi (De Or. 3. 25. 96)
    • to give an account of a thing (either orally or in writing): exponere aliquid or de aliqua re
    • to make a character-sketch of a person: de ingenio moribusque alicuius exponere
    • graphic depiction: rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202)
    • to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multum, nimium esse (in aliqua re) (De Or. 2. 4. 17)
    • to speak at great length on a subject, discuss very fully: fusius, uberius, copiosius disputare, dicere de aliqua re
    • to interpolate, insert something: interponere aliquid (De Am. 1. 3)
    • to digress, deviate: digredi (a proposito) (De Or. 2. 77. 311)
    • a rather recondite speech: oratio longius repetita (De Or. 3. 24. 91)
    • to read a speech: de scripto orationem habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria)
    • the arrangement of the subject-matter: dispositio rerum (De Inv. 1. 7. 9)
    • to set some one a theme for discussion: ponere alicui, de quo disputet
    • to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    • the question at issue: res, de qua nunc quaerimus, quaeritur
    • to answer every question: percontanti non deesse (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    • a far-fetched joke: arcessitum dictum (De Or. 2. 63. 256)
    • to be silly, without tact: ineptum esse (De Or. 2. 4. 17)
    • to be united by having a common language: eiusdem linguae societate coniunctum esse cum aliquo (De Or. 3. 59. 223)
    • to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
    • a linguist, philologian: grammaticus (De Or. 1. 3. 10)
    • to employ carefully chosen expressions: lectissimis verbis uti (De Or. 3. 37)
    • to say not a syllable about a person: ne verbum (without unum) quidem de aliquo facere
    • to speak on a subject: verba facere (de aliqua re, apud aliquem)
    • to begin with a long syllable: oriri a longa (De Or. 1. 55. 236)
    • to compose, compile a book: librum conficere, componere (De Sen. 1. 2)
    • there exists a book on..: est liber de...
    • the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.
    • to lay down a book (vid. sect. XII. 3, note vestem deponere...): librum de manibus ponere
    • humour; disposition: animi affectio or habitus (De Inv. 2. 5)
    • I am pained, vexed, sorry: doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de and ex aliqua re
    • not to trouble oneself about a thing: non laborare de aliqua re
    • to disconcert a person: animum alicuius de statu, de gradu demovere (more strongly depellere, deturbare)
    • to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de statu suo or mentis deici (Att. 16. 15)
    • to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de gradu deici, ut dicitur
    • what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)
    • it's all over with me; I'm a lost man: actum est de me
    • to hope well of a person: bene, optime (meliora) sperare de aliquo (Nep. Milt. 1. 1)
    • to fulfil expectation: exspectationem explere (De Or. 1. 47. 205)
    • to be touched with pity: misericordia moveri, capi (De Or. 2. 47)
    • to have enthusiasm for a person or thing: studio ardere alicuius or alicuius rei (De Or. 2. 1. 1)
    • to undermine a person's loyalty: de fide deducere or a fide abducere aliquem
    • to make a thing credible: fidem facere, afferre alicui rei (opp. demere, de-, abrogare fidem)
    • to be answerable for a person, a thing: praestare aliquem, aliquid, de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf.
    • to suspect a person: suspicionem habere de aliquo
    • to be separated by a deadly hatred: capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo (De Am. 1. 2)
    • to vent one's anger, spite on some one: virus acerbitatis suae effundere in aliquem (De Amic. 23. 87)
    • his vices betray themselves: vitia erumpunt (in aliquem) (De Amic. 21. 76)
    • to give some one satisfaction for an injury: satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis
    • apparently; to look at: specie (De Amic. 13. 47)
    • to neglect one's duty: de, ab officio decedere
    • to follow one's inclinations: studiis suis obsequi (De Or. 1. 1. 3)
    • moral precepts: praecepta de moribus or de virtute
    • to give moral advice, rules of conduct: de virtute praecipere alicui
    • by divine inspiration (often = marvellously, excellently): divinitus (De Or. 1. 46. 202)
    • to observe the sky (i.e. the flight of birds, lightning, thunder, etc.: de caelo servare (Att. 4. 3. 3)
    • to escort a person from his house: deducere aliquem de domo
    • to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
    • to dispossess a person: demovere, deicere aliquem de possessione
    • to live on one's means: de suo (opp. alieno) vivere
    • a sociable, affable disposition: facilitas, faciles mores (De Am. 3. 11)
    • to turn the conversation on to a certain subject: sermonem inferre de aliqua re
    • the conversation turned on..: sermo incidit de aliqua re
    • to converse, talk with a person on a subject: sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua re (De Am. 1. 3)
    • to exchange greetings: inter se consalutare (De Or. 2. 3. 13)
    • to congratulate a person on something: gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re
    • to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman): nuntium remittere alicui (De Or. 1. 40)
    • disinherited: exheres paternorum bonorum (De Or. 1. 38. 175)
    • to introduce a thing into our customs; to familiarise us with a thing: in nostros mores inducere aliquid (De Or. 2. 28)
    • to transact, settle a matter with some one: transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cum aliquo or inter se
    • to subtract something from the capital: de capite deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) aliquid
    • to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem ab aliquo reptere de aliqua re (Cluent. 37. 104)
    • credit has disappeared: fides (de foro) sublata est (Leg. Agr. 2. 3. 8)
    • to have pecuniary difficulties: laborare de pecunia
    • as you sow, so will you reap: ut sementem feceris, ita metes (proverb.) (De Or. 2. 65)
    • to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
    • to have the good of the state at heart: bene, optime sentire de re publica
    • to have the good of the state at heart: omnia de re publica praeclara atque egregia sentire
    • the head of the state: rector civitatis (De Or. 1. 48. 211)
    • statesmanship; political wisdom: prudentia (civilis) (De Or. 1. 19. 85)
    • to foresee political events long before: longe prospicere futuros casus rei publicae (De Amic. 12. 40)
    • one of the people: homo plebeius, de plebe
    • one of the crowd; a mere individual: unus de or e multis
    • to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6): aliquem de dignitatis gradu demovere
    • to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6): aliquem gradu movere, depellere or de gradu (statu) deicere
    • deposed from one's high position: de principatu deiectus (B. G. 7. 63)
    • to contend with some one for the pre-eminence: contendere cum aliquo de principatu (Nep. Arist. 1)
    • to record in the official tablets (Annales maximi): in album referre (De Or. 2. 12. 52)
    • to have the same political opinions: idem de re publica sentire
    • to form a conspiracy: coniurare (inter se) de c. Gerund. or ut...
    • to banish a person, send him into exile: de, e civitate aliquem eicere
    • to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
    • a returning from exile to one's former privileges: postliminium (De Or. 1. 40. 181)
    • to shake hands with voters in canvassing: manus prensare (De Or. 1. 24. 112)
    • to give up, lay down office (usually at the end of one's term of office): de potestate decedere
    • men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
    • a man who has held many offices: honoribus ac reipublicae muneribus perfunctus (De Or. 1. 45)
    • to offically proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
    • to consult the senators on a matter: patres (senatum) consulere de aliqua re (Sall. Iug. 28)
    • the senate inclines to the opinion, decides for..: senatus sententia inclīnat ad... (De Sen. 6. 16)
    • what is your opinion: quid de ea re fieri placet?
    • to waive one's right: de iure suo decedere or cedere
    • to hold an inquiry into a matter: quaerere aliquid or de aliqua re
    • to examine a person, a matter: quaestionem habere de aliquo, de aliqua re or in aliquem
    • to have a person tortured: quaerere tormentis de aliquo
    • to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)
    • counsel; advocate: patronus (causae) (De Or. 2. 69)
    • to strike a person's name off the list of the accused: eximere de reis aliquem
    • to accuse a person of extortion (to recover the sums extorted): postulare aliquem repetundarum or de repetundis
    • to accuse some one of illegal canvassing: accusare aliquem ambitus, de ambitu
    • to accuse a person of violence, poisoning: accusare aliquem de vi, de veneficiis
    • to decide on the conduct of the case: iudicare causam (de aliqua re)
    • to exact a penalty from some one: supplicium sumere de aliquo
    • to atone for something by..: luere aliquid aliqua re (De Sen. 20)
    • to execute the death-sentence on a person: supplicium sumere de aliquo
    • to congratulate a person on his victory: victoriam or de victoria gratulari alicui
    • to triumph over some one: triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)
    • to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
    • to treat with some one about peace: agere cum aliquo de pace
    • to stop rowing; to easy: sustinere, inhibere remos (De Or. 1. 33)
    • to land, disembark: exire ex, de navi
    • not to mention..: ut non (nihil) dicam de...
    • this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc dici potest de aliqua re
    • I have a few words to say on this: mihi quaedam dicenda sunt de hac re
    • more of this another time: sed de hoc alias pluribus
    • so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: atque haec quidem de...
    • so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est
    • I am sorry to hear..: male (opp. bene) narras (de)
    • but enough: sed manum de tabula!
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
  1. ^ (2012) The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard: Version 6.1 – Core Specification. →ISBN, page 468; citing: (1985) Geoffrey Sampson, Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. →ISBN.

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *de. Also in suffixes -dam, -dum, -de, -dō (e.g. quondam, inde, unde, quandō), dōnec, Ancient Greek δέ (dé), δή (dḗ), English to.

Pronunciation

Preposition

dē (+ ablative)

  1. of, concerning, about
    • 1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1:
      De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
      Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.
    De rebus mathematicis. ― Concerning mathematical things.
  2. from, away from, down from, out of; in general to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds.
    Emere de aliquo. ― To buy from someone.
    Aliquid mercari de aliquo. ― To buy something from someone.
    De aliquo quaerere, quid, etc., C ― To search for someone.
    Saepe hoc audivi de patre. ― I have often heard this from father.
    De mausoleo exaudita vox est. ― A voice was heard from the mausoleum.
    Ut sibi liceret discere id de me. ― Just as he himself permitted for me to learn.
    Hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    De digito anulum detraho. ― From the finger I pull the ring.
    De matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) (literally, “I rip someone away from the embrace of their mother and drag them away.”)
    Nomen suum de tabula sustulit. ― He removed his name from the tablet.
    Ferrum de manibus extorsimus. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) (literally, “We wrench away from hands of iron.”)
    Juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest. ― The utility of a law is able to be produced either from an expert or from books.
    De caelo aliquid demittere. ― To bring down something from the sky.
    1. with petere, of a place
      De vicino terra petita solo. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    2. (Late Latin) of persons
      Peto de te. ― I beg of thee.
  3. from, away from, to indicate the place from which someone or something departs or withdraws.
    Animam de corpore mitto. ― I release the spirit from the body.
    Aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent. ― He persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions.
    Decedere de provincia. ― To retire from office.
    De vita decedere. ― To withdraw from life
    Exire de vita. ― to exit out of life.
    (compare excedere e vita)
    De triclinio, de cubiculo exire. ― To go out from the triclinium, from the cubiculum.
    De castris procedere. ― To proceed out of the military camps.
    ...decido de lecto praeceps. ― I fall down from the bed headlong.
    De muro se deicere. ― To throw oneself down from the wall.
    De sella exsilire. ― To jump from the stool.
    Nec ex equo vel de muro etc., hostem destinare. ― To aim at the enemy from neither the horse nor the wall.
    De altera parte tertia Sequanos decedere juberet. ― He ordered the Sequani to withdraw from another third part.
Usage notes
  • Dē denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point (it occupies a middle place between ab (“away from”) which denotes a mere external departure, and ex (“out of”) which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with dē are constructed not only with dē, but quite as frequently with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by dē.
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Aragonese: de
  • Asturian: de
  • Aromanian: di
  • Catalan: de
  • Corsican: di
  • Dalmatian: de
  • → Esperanto: de
  • Franco-Provençal: de
  • French: de
  • Friulian: di
  • Galician: de
  • → Ido: de
  • → Interlingua: de
  • Italian: di
  • Ladin: de
  • Ladino: de
  • Mozarabic: ذي‎ (de)
  • Neapolitan: 'e
  • Occitan: de
  • Portuguese: de
  • Romanian: de
  • Romansch: da
  • Sicilian: di
  • Spanish: de

Ligurian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. of
  2. from
de + article Combined form
de + o do
de + a da
de + i di
de + e de

Etymology 2

de (“of, from”, preposition) + e (“the (fem. plur.)”, article)

Contraction

de

  1. of the, from the (followed by a plural feminine noun)

Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Low German dê, from Old Saxon thē.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /deː/, /deɪ/, /dɛɪ̯/

Article

de pl (genitive der, dative den, accusative de, definite article)

  1. the

Usage notes

  • This is the only plural article and like English 'the' is used for nouns of every gender and class. Indefinite nouns in plural are used without article, again as in English.

Article

de f (genitive der, dative der or de, accusative de, definite article)

  1. the
    De Fru geiht hen. ― The woman walks [lit. goes] there.

Article

de m (genitive des, dative dem or den, accusative den, definite article)

  1. the
    De Mann gat hen. ― The man walks [lit. goes] there.

Usage notes

  • Dative and accusative are sometimes called 'object case'. However, most (if not all) dialects have not actually merged these two.

Pronoun

de m (accusative den)

  1. (relative) which, that
    De Mann, de dår güng. ― The man, which walked there.
    De Mann, den wi hüert häbben. ― The man, which we hired.

Usage notes

  • The use as a relative pronoun might not be present in all dialects.

Pronoun

de f (accusative de)

  1. (relative) which, that
    De Fru, de wi hüert hębben. ― The woman, which we have hired.

Usage notes

  • The use as a relative pronoun might not be present in all dialects.

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

Pronoun

de

  1. unstressed form of du

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative reflexive
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ech — mech — mir mer like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du de dech — dir der like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Dir Der Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech
3rd person singular (m) hien en hien en him em sech
3rd person singular (f) si se si se hir er sech
3rd person singular (n) hatt et ('t) hatt et ('t) him em sech
1st person plural mir mer eis (ons) — eis (ons) — eis (ons)
2nd person plural dir der iech iech [əɕ] iech iech [əɕ] iech
3rd person plural si se si se hinnen en sech

Mandarin

Romanization

de (Zhuyin ˙ㄉㄜ)

  1. Pinyin transcription of 地
  2. Pinyin transcription of 底
  3. Pinyin transcription of 得
  4. Pinyin transcription of 的
  5. Pinyin transcription of 脦
  6. Pinyin transcription of 𠵨

de

  1. Nonstandard spelling of dē.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of dé.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of dè.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

Mauritian Creole cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : de
    Ordinal : deziem
    Adverbial : ledoub

Etymology

From French deux.

Pronunciation

Numeral

de

  1. two

Derived terms

Middle Dutch

Article

de

  1. inflection of die:
    1. masculine nominative singular
    2. feminine nominative/accusative singular
    3. nominative/accusative plural

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English þē.

Pronoun

de

  1. Alternative form of þe.
References

Etymology 2

From Old French de.

Noun

de

  1. Alternative form of dee

Middle French

Preposition

de

  1. of
  2. from

Mirandese

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. of, from
    Pertual ye un paíç localizado ne l sudoeste de la Ouropa. ― Portugal is a country located in the south-west of Europe.

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-de, from Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective

-de

  1. tall

Inflection

This relative needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Conjunction

de

  1. then, after that
  2. then, in that case

Further reading

  • Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002-2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Adverb

de

  1. yes

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

  • Audio
    		(file)
  • IPA(key): /diː/

Article

de

  1. definite article, equivalent to "the", used before adjectives used with plural nouns; also used before adjectives converted to nouns. Usually capitalised as "De" when used in proper nouns.

Related terms

Pronoun

de (accusative dem, genitive deres)

  1. they
  2. those

See also

    Personal pronouns in Bokmål
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
feminine masculine neuter plural
Singular First – jeg meg mi min mitt mine
Second – du deg di din ditt dine
Third feminine (person) hun henne hennes
masculine (person) han han/ham hans
feminine (noun) den dens
masculine (noun)
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine
Plural First – vi oss vår vårt våre
Second – dere dere deres
Third – de dem deres

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse þér, ér and þit, it. From a variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronoun

de (objective case dykk, possessive dykkar)

  1. you (second-person plural)
Synonyms

See also

    Personal pronouns in Nynorsk
Number Person Nominative Oblique Possessive / Genetive
feminine masculine neuter plural
Singular First eg meg mi min mitt mine
Second du deg di din ditt dine
Third (reflexive) — seg si sin sitt sine
Third (masculine) han han hans
Third (feminine) ho ho, henne hennar
Third (neuter) det dess1
Plural First me, vi oss vår vårt våre
Second de, dokker dykk, dokker dykkar, dokkar
Third dei dei deira
1Rare or literary

Etymology 2

From French de, Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. used in set expressions (such as de jure); translates to "from" and "of"

References

Occitan

Alternative forms

  • d' (before a vowel)

Etymology

Inherited from Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. of
  2. from

Old French

Etymology

Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. of
  2. from

Usage notes

  • before a vowel, either remains as a separate word or becomes d'

Derived terms

  • (de + )

Old Irish

Preposition

de

  1. Alternative form of di (“of, from”)

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin dē

Preposition

de

  1. of
  2. from

Old Portuguese

Alternative forms

  • d- (elided form when followed by a word which begins with a vowel)
  • D- (elided form when followed by a capitalised word which begins with a vowel)

Etymology

From Latin dē (“of; from”).

Pronunciation

Preposition

de

  1. of

Descendants

  • Fala: de
  • Galician: de
  • Portuguese: de

Portuguese

Alternative forms

  • d' (archaic, except for fixed terms)

Etymology

From Old Portuguese de (“of”), from Latin dē (“of”).

Pronunciation

Preposition

de

  2. of (in relation to)
    os amigos dele
    his friends
    (literally, “the friends of his”)
    2. of (forms compounds; often untranslated)
      fones de ouvido
      headphones
      (literally, “phones of ear”)
      acampamento de verão
      summer camp
    4. of; about (on the subject of)
      Do que estavam falando?
      What were they talking about?
    6. of; -'s (belonging to)
      a casa de alguém
      someone's house
    8. -'s (made by)
      Você provou o bolo da minha mãe?
      have you tried my mother’s cake?
    10. of (being a part of)
      capa do livro
      cover of the book
    12. of (introduces the month a given day is part of)
      Primeiro de janeiro.
      First of January.
    14. of (introduces the object of an agent noun)
      Hitler foi um exterminador de judeus.
      Hitler was an exterminator of Jews.
    16. of (introduces the name of a place following its hypernym)
      A vila de Iorque.
      The village of York.
  4. of; -en (made or consisting of)
    De que é feito?
    What is this made of?
    (literally, “Of what is made this?”)
    2. -long (having the duration of)
      um filme de duas horas
      a two hour-long movie
    4. of (indicates the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun)
      Milhares de pessoas vieram.
      Thousands of people came.
    6. of (characterised by; having the given quality)
      O templo não é mais um local de paz.
      The temple is no longer a place of peace.
  6. of (introduces the noun that applies a given adjective or past participle)
    Um balde cheio de água.
    A bucket full of water.
  8. from (born in or coming out of)
    De onde você é?
    Where are you from?
  10. by means of; by
    Eu sempre vou trabalhar de ônibus.
    I always go to work by bus.
  12. as (in the role of)
    Na festa, ele estava de bruxo.
    At the party, he was dressed as a wizard.
  14. in (wearing)
    Homens de Preto
    Men in Black

Usage notes

Used in the following contractions:

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:de.

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation

Preposition

de (+accusative)

  1. from
    Casa mea nu este departe de aici. ― My house is not far from here.
  2. of
    o ceașcă de ceai ― a cup of tea
    un profesor de matematică ― a professor of mathematics
  3. by
    o carte scrisă de Marin Preda. ― a book written by Marin Preda

Romansch

Alternative forms

  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader) di
  • (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) gi

Etymology

From Latin diēs.

Noun

de m (plural des)

  1. (Surmiran) day

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish di, from Proto-Celtic *dī.

Pronunciation

Preposition

de (+ dative)

  1. of, off

Derived terms

  • bhàrr (“down from, from off”)
  • The following prepositional pronouns:
Person Number Prepositional pronoun Prepositional pronoun (emphatic)
Singular 1st dhiom dhiomsa
2nd dhiot dhiotsa
3rd m dheth dhethsan
3rd f dhith dhithse
Plural 1st dhinn dhinne
2nd dhibh dhibhse
3rd dhiubh dhiubhsan

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kъdě, *kъde, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷu-dʰe.

Adverb

de (Cyrillic spelling де)

  1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

Pronoun

de (Cyrillic spelling де)

  1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

Synonyms

Seychellois Creole

Etymology

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Numeral

de

  1. two

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-de, from Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective

-de

  1. tall

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • (after a pause, 'l', 'm', 'n' and 'ñ') IPA(key): /de/, [d̪e̞]
  • (elsewhere) IPA(key): /de/, [ð̞e̞]
  • Audio (Latin America)
    		(file)
  • Audio (Spain)
    		(file)
  • Homophone: dé
  • IPA(key): /de/, [d̪e]
  • Rhymes: -e

Etymology 1

Noun

de f (plural des)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D.

Etymology 2

Spanish preposition “de” written as a ligature in capitals
Hand-painted preposition “DE” in the wild

From Latin dē.

Preposition

de

  1. of; ’s; used after the thing owned and before the owner
    Constitución española de 1812
    Spanish constitution of 1812
    la cola del perro
    the dog’s tail
  2. from
    Soy de España.
    I’m from Spain.
  3. of, from (indicating cause)
    Él murió de hambre.
    He died of hunger.
  4. used to construct compound nouns (with attributive nouns)
    campamento de verano
    summer camp
Usage notes

As illustrated in the example above, de combines with el to form del.

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English there.

Pronunciation

Verb

de

  1. (copula) to be.

Particle

de

  1. (dated) Alternative form of e.

Swedish

Alternative forms

  • (informal) dom
  • (informal, dialectal) di

Etymology

From Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai (with noun ending -r).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

de (third-person plural nominative, dative and accusative dem, genitive deras, reflexive sig)

  1. they
  2. (colloquial, text messaging, Internet) Pronunciation spelling of det.

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
singular first — jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
second — du dig, dej3 din ditt dina
third masculine (person) han honom, han2 hans
feminine (person) hon henne hennes
gender-neutral (person)1 hen henom, hen2 hens
common (noun) den den dess
neuter (noun) det det dess
indefinite man or en4 en ens
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural first — vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
second — ni er er, eran2, ers5 ert, erat2 era
archaic I eder eder, eders5 edert edra
third — de, dom3 dem, dom3 deras
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Not universally accepted neologism.
2Informal
4Dialectal, also used lately as a gender-neutral alternative to man.
5Formal address

Article

de

  1. the, a definite article used in the beginning of noun phrases containing attributive adjectives and nouns in the plural. This article is used together with the definite suffix of the noun to indicate the definiteness of the noun phrase.
    de gröna bilarna ― the green cars
  2. (colloquial, text messaging, Internet) Pronunciation spelling of det.

Usage notes

The same type of noun phrases with singular nouns instead use den (common gender) or det (neuter) for this function. Some definite noun phrases with attributive adjectives may skip these preceding articles. This is the case especially for many lexicalized noun phrases and also for many noun phrases working as proper names of organisations, geographical places, TV shows, events and similar.

Brittiska öarna
The British Isles

While the personal pronoun de has an object form and a genitive form, the definite article de is unaffected by the syntactic role of the noun phrase.

Anagrams

Tarantino

Preposition

de

  1. of

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English day.

Noun

de

  1. day
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, 1:5:
      Tulait em i kolim “De”, na tudak em i kolim “Nait”. Nait i go pinis na moning i kamapage. Em i de namba wan.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Related terms

See also

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Turkish

Adverb

de

  1. as well, too, also
    Özer de sorunun yanıtını biliyor ― Özer also knows the answer of the question
    Berker de bizimle geliyor ― Berker is coming with us as well
    Utku da dondurma yemeyi sever ― Utku likes eating ice cream, too.

Usage notes

  • It's used when the previous word's last vowel is "e", "i", "ö" or "ü". Otherwise (if the word's last vowel is "a", "ı", "o" or "u"); it becomes "da"

Synonyms

Noun

de

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D.

Verb

de

  1. (imperative) say

See also

Volapük

Preposition

de

  1. of, from

Welsh

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Contraction of older deau (“right; south”), from Proto-Celtic *dexsos (“right”). Cognate with Cornish dyhow, Breton dehou, Irish deas, Scottish Gaelic deas, Manx jiass.

The sense "south" comes from the fact that the south is on the right-hand side of a person facing east.[1]

Adjective

de (feminine singular de, plural de)

  1. right (opposite of left)
  2. south, southern
Derived terms

Noun

de m or f (uncountable)

  1. right
  2. south
  3. (as y De, when in Wales) South Wales
Usage notes
  • The noun has masculine gender when used with the sense of "south" and feminine gender when used with the sense "right".
Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
de dde ne unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
Derived terms

Antonyms

Etymology 2

Mutated form of te (“tea”).

Noun

de

  1. Soft mutation of te.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
te de nhe the
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Evans, D. Silvan (1893) Dictionary of the Welsh Language‎[1], page 1388

West Frisian

Etymology

Compare Dutch and Low German de, English the, German der.

Determiner

de

  1. the; definite article

Usage notes

After one-syllable prepositions ending in a consonant, the variant 'e is used.

Inflection

  • Common singular: de
  • Neuter singular: it
  • Plural: de

Further reading

  • “de”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-de, from Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective

-de

  1. tall

Inflection

Adjective concord, tone L
Modifier Copulative
positive negative positive negative
1st singular endimde endingemde ndimde andimde
2nd singular omde ongemde umde awumde
1st plural esibade esingebade sibade asibade
2nd plural enibade eningebade nibade anibade
Class 1 omde ongemde mde akamde
Class 2 abade abangebade bade ababade
Class 3 omde ongemde mde awumde
Class 4 emide engemide mide ayimide
Class 5 elide elingelide lide alilide
Class 6 amade angemade made awamade
Class 7 eside esingeside side asiside
Class 8 ezinde ezingezinde zinde azizinde
Class 9 ende engende inde ayiyinde
Class 10 ezinde ezingezinde zinde azizinde
Class 11 olude olungelude lude alulude
Class 14 obude obungebude bude abubude
Class 15 okude okungekude kude akukude
Class 17 okude okungekude kude akukude

Zande

Noun

de

  1. woman

Zealandic

Etymology

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die.

Determiner

de

  1. the (definite article)

Inflection

  • Masculine: de, d'n (before b, d, t or a vowel)
  • Feminine: de
  • Neuter: 't
  • Plural: de

Zhuang

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Proto-Zhuang-Tai *te.A?”)

Pronunciation

Pronoun

de (Sawndip forms 他, 𬿇, 𭶼, 爹, 佚, old orthography de)

  1. he; she; it

See also

Standard Zhuang personal pronouns
Person Singular Plural
1st exclusive gou dou
inclusive raeuz
2nd mwngz sou
3rd de gyoengqde

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *-de, from Proto-Bantu *-dàì. The expected reflex would be -le, however it was changed due to analogy with its class 8, 9, and 10 forms (zinde, inde, zinde).

Adjective

-de

  1. long
  2. tall, high

Inflection

Adjective concord, tone L
Modifier Copulative
positive negative positive negative
1st singular engimude engingemude ngimude angimude
2nd singular omude ongemude umude awumude
1st plural esibade esingebade sibade asibade
2nd plural enibade eningebade nibade anibade
Class 1 omude ongemude mude akamude
Class 2 abade abangebade bade ababade
Class 3 omude ongemude mude awumude
Class 4 emide engemide mide ayimide
Class 5 elide elingelide lide alilide
Class 6 amade angemade made awamade
Class 7 eside esingeside side asiside
Class 8 ezinde ezingezinde zinde azizinde
Class 9 ende engende, engeyinde inde, yinde ayiyinde
Class 10 ezinde ezingezinde zinde azizinde
Class 11 olude olungelude lude alulude
Class 14 obude obungebude bude abubude
Class 15 okude okungekude kude akukude
Class 17 okude okungekude kude akukude

Derived terms

Verb

-de

  1. (auxiliary) always [+participial]

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

ǃKung

Noun

de

  1. woman

Synonyms


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